Effects of Artemisia annua alcohol extract on physiological and innate immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to improve health status

Diet supplemented with nettle Urtica dioica and tarragon Artemisia dracunculus leaf powder on fingerling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was assessed. Fish of initial body weight 7.41 ± 0.16 g, were distributed in six groups, three replications, and were fed 8 weeks. 0 (control), 10 nettle (N1), 30 nettle (N3), 10 tarragon (T1), 30 tarragon (T3) and 10 nettle +10 tarragon g/kg (N1+T1) diet. The N3 improved FBW, WG, WG% and SGR significantly (p ≤ 0.05). N3 increased body protein, ash and decreased body fat significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The highest haematocrit was observed in T3 significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The highest WBC in T3, and RBC and Hb in N1+T1 were observed (p ≤ 0.05). N1 and N1+T1 showed the highest MCV (p ≤ 0.05). N1, T1 and N1+T1 showed the highest MCH (p ≤ 0.05). The highest MCHC was observed in T1 significantly (p ≤ 0.05). N3, T3 and N1+T1 demonstrated the highest albumin levels (p ≤ 0.05). The T1 increased serum lysozyme activity compared to control (p ≤ 0.05). The highest serum total immunoglobulin and total protein in N3 were observed (p ≤ 0.05). The results showed beneficial effects of N3, T3 and N1+T1 on growth performance, body proximate composition and blood parameters.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In this study, we observed serum total protein improvement in T1 and T3 treatments mathematically as like as Mbokane and Moyo. (2020) and Soares et al, (2020) who reported serum total protein improvement in African catfish and Nile tilapia respectively. In our study, we detected the highest amount of serum total protein in N3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Growth, body proximate composition and selected blood parameters of rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss fingerlings fed on a diet supplemented with nettle Urtica dioica and tarragon Artemisia dracunculus

Zare

Mirzakhani²,

Stejskal

2021

“…The present results confirm this hypothesis, as significant elevations were observed in plasma cortisol, glucose, AST and LDH in the fish held under high stocking density, which are in line with a previous studies on the same species (Abdel-Tawwab et al, 2021;Fazelan et al, 2020) and mrigal carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Tejpal et al, 2009). Dietary Artemisia supplementation mitigated such adverse effects in common carp held at the high stocking density, which shows anti-stress properties of the plant, as reported before (Soares et al, 2020). Whether such effects are mediated by acting of Artemisia at the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis level or as an antioxidant that boosts the fish health (see below) needs further researches.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Artemisia, Artemisia annua L., is a medicinal plant, which has many bioactive substances (Artemisinin, isofraxidin, ketone, camphor, camphene, borneol, a‐pinene and 1,8‐cineole) with anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, anti‐malaria and antimicrobial pharmaceutical drug (de Ridder et al, 2008; Ferreira et al, 2010; Soares et al, 2020; Song et al, 2018). It is stated that Artemisia is suitable antioxidant agent and can be used as feed additive to prevent hepatotoxicity of common carp, exposed to ammonia (Taheri Mirghaed et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Artemisia, Artemisia annua , supplementation improves common carp welfare under high stocking density

Hoseini

Aydın

Hoseinifar

et al. 2022

Intensive aquaculture supports higher production per unit of area, but it may be associated by stress and health problems in fish. Thus, researches are continuing to find applicable methods for suppressing such negative effects. Dietary supplementation with medicinal plant is known as a promising method in this field. Accordingly, the present study aimed at assessing the benefits of dietary Artemisia, Artemisia annua, supplementation (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg) on growth performance, stress, antioxidant and immunological responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, held at a high stocking density (10 g/L vs. 3 g/L) for 70 days. Increase in fish stocking density significantly (p < 0.05) reduced growth performance, haematological parameters (red blood cell, haematocrit, haemoglobin, leukocyte and lymphocyte) and immune responses (total protein, complement and total immunoglobulin), but increased neutrophil, lysozyme, stress responses (cortisol, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase), antioxidant enzymes’ activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and lipid peroxidation. Artemisia supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) restored haematological parameters, leukocyte count and mitigated the changes in lymphocyte, neutrophil, stress and immunological parameters, antioxidant enzymes’ activities and lipid peroxidation. Based on the results, dietary Artemisia supplementation is not capable to restore growth retardation of common carp under high stocking density; however, it mitigates the adverse effects of high stocking density on haematological, antioxidant and immunological parameters. Supplementation at 5 g/kg is recommended for carp feed formulation.

“…Studies evaluating MIC of medicinal plants show that ethanol extracts presented stronger activity and a much broader spectrum of action (Bussmann et al., 2010). Furthermore, ae‐Aa has shown antiparasitic efficacy against monogenean parasites in fish (Ekanem & Brisibe, 2010) and oral administration has demonstrated efficacy in improving health, bacterial resistance and mitigating the effects of stress on Nile tilapia (Soares et al., 2020). Thus, it seems that the ae‐Aa is a crucial strategy to obtain bioactive compounds of the A. annua to be used against bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol extract ofArtemisia annuaand its bioactive fractions against fish pathogens

Soares

Pinheiro²,

Cardoso

et al. 2020

Self Cite

Bacterial pathogens cause significant economic losses in fish farms worldwide. The frequent use of antibiotics is a growing concern due to the adverse effects on human health and the environment. We evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Artemisia annua and its bioactive components against the Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae and Flavobacterium columnare, the main bacteria that affect fish culture. Bioactive components of the A. annua were obtained using an alcoholic extraction process, yielding 10.6% of dry material. The alcoholic extract of A. annua (ae‐Aa) bioactive compounds was fractionated, obtaining the fractions F1 + 2, F3, F4, F5 and F6. Artemisinin up to 10.0 mg.ml‐1 was ineffective in controlling studied bacteria. Microorganisms tested were all sensitive to ae‐Aa (MIC and MBC 0.40 to 2.50 mg.ml‐1). The ae‐Aa components F3, F4, F5 and F6 were also effective (MIC and MBC 0.015 to 2.00 mg.ml‐1). F3 showed the most effective antibacterial activity (MIC 0.015 to 0.5 mg.ml‐1 and MBC 0.015 to 2.0 mg.ml‐1). The ae‐Aa and its bioactive components presented efficacy to inhibit growth and eliminate bacterial pathogens and can be an alternative to synthetic antibiotics for farmed fish.