Effects of artificial illumination on the nocturnal foraging of waders

Santos, Carlos David; Miranda, Ana Catarina; Granadeiro, José Pedro; Lourenço, Pedro M.; Saraiva, Sara; Palmeirim, Jorge M.

doi:10.1016/j.actao.2009.11.008

Cited by 113 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Arguably, the principal effects, aside from those following from the associated carbon emissions, operate through the impacts on time partitioning by organisms (how they distribute activity through the day) and on their circadian rhythms and patterns of photoperiodism . Artificial nighttime lighting has been documented to change both the timing and the period over which organisms can capture resources, typically increasing the opportunities for diurnal species and reducing those for nocturnal ones (e.g., Garber 1978;Wolff 1982;Martin 1990;Negro et al 2000;Bird et al 2004;Perry and Fisher 2006;Frank 2009;Santos et al 2010;Rotics et al 2011). This alters species interactions (e.g., competition, predator-prey), and may in turn reshape community structure, and presumably associated ecosystem functions and processes, although the latter has yet to be demonstrated (Moore et al 2001(Moore et al , 2006Longcore and Rich 2004;Davies et al 2012).…”

Section: Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits and costs of artificial nighttime lighting of the environment

Gaston

Bennie

2015

Environ. Rev.

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Artificial lighting has transformed the outdoor nighttime environment over large areas, modifying natural cycles of light in terms of timing, wavelength, and distribution. This has had widespread benefits and costs to humankind, impacting on health and wellbeing, vehicle accidents, crime, energy consumption and carbon emissions, aesthetics, and wildlife and ecosystems. Here, we review these effects, particularly in the context of ongoing developments in the extent of artificial lighting and in the prevalent technologies being employed. The key issue that emerges is how best to maximize the benefits of artificial nighttime lighting whilst limiting the costs. To do so, three main strategies are required. First, important knowledge gaps need to be filled. Second, there is an urgent need to connect the research being conducted in different disciplines, which to date has been very disjointed. Third, it is imperative that much firmer and well-developed links are made between research, policy, and practice.Key words: accidents, aesthetics, crime, ecosystems, health, light pollution, lighting, night, sky glow, wellbeing.Résumé : L'éclairage artificiel a transformé l'environnement nocturne extérieur sur de grandes superficies, modifiant les cycles naturels de la lumière en terme de temps, de longueurs d'ondes et de distribution. Ceci s'est traduit par des coûts et bénéfices largement étendus pour l'humanité, affectant la santé et le bien-être, les accidents d'automobile, le crime, la consommation d'énergie et les émissions de carbones, l'esthétique ainsi que la faune et les écosystèmes. Les auteurs passent en revue ces effets, particulièrement dans le contexte de développement continu dans l'extension de l'éclairage artificiel et dans les technologies dominantes mises en oeuvre. La problématique clé qui en émerge consiste à savoir comment maximiser le mieux possible les bénéfices de l'éclairage nocturne artificiel tout en limitant les coûts. Pour atteindre cet objectif, trois stratégies principales s'imposent. Il faut d'abord combler des déficiences de connaissances. Deuxièmement, il existe un urgent besoin d'intégrer les travaux de recherche conduits dans diverses disciplines, lesquels ont été conduits de façon disparate jusqu'ici. Et troisièmement, il est impératif que des liens beaucoup plus solides et mieux développés se développent entre la recherche, les politiques et la pratique. [Traduit par la Redaction]

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Section: Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits and costs of artificial nighttime lighting of the environment

Gaston

Bennie

2015

Environ. Rev.

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“…Such physiological responses to ALAN might differ between urban and rural animals, and suggest the possibility that at least some species might adapt to and thus tolerate the presence of artificial lights. Indeed, bright nights can also offer opportunities, for example extending foraging time found for a number of diurnal species (Santos et al, 2010;Dwyer et al, 2013;Russ et al, 2015;Dominoni et al, 2016), thereby likely providing fitness benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Light at Night Reduces Daily Energy Expenditure in Breeding Great Tits (Parus major)

et al. 2017

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The ecological impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasingly recognized process that accompanies expanding urbanization. Yet, we have limited knowledge on the impact of ALAN on wild species, and on the potential to mitigate any negative effects by using different light sources and colors. In birds, effects of ALAN on activity levels are reported for several species and, hence, their daily energy expenditure (DEE) may be affected. DEE is a potent mediator of life-history trade-offs and fitness and thus an important aspect to consider when examining the potential long-term ecological effects of ALAN. Previous work has suggested that birds exposed to ALAN show higher levels of provisioning and nocturnal activity, suggesting that white ALAN increases DEE. Other factors regulating DEE, such as provisioning behavior and food availability, might also respond to ALAN and thus indirectly affect DEE. We tested the hypothesis that ALAN increases DEE using an experimental setup where four previously unlit transects were illuminated with either white, green, or red LED light, or left dark as a control treatment. This setup was replicated in eight locations across the Netherlands. We measured DEE of our focal species, the great tit (Parus major), using a novel doubly labeled water technique that uses breath rather than blood samples. Contrary to our expectations, birds feeding their offspring under white and green ALAN showed lower DEE compared to birds in the control dark treatment. Differences in chick provisioning activity did not explain this result, as neither visit rates nor daily activity timing was affected by light treatment. However, food availability under white and green light was much higher compared to red light and the dark control. This difference strongly suggests that the lower DEE under white and green ALAN sites is a consequence of higher food availability in these treatments. This result shows that there can be positive, indirect effects of ALAN for breeding song birds which may balance against the negative direct effects shown in previous studies.

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“…The ecological consequences of the increasing presence of artificial LAN are well documented in animals although the evidence from natural populations, in particular, is frequently correlational [2,4,5]. Behaviourally, LAN is linked to an increase in the observed number of bird strikes and subsequent deaths [6,7] and changes in the foraging capacity and activity patterns of vertebrates [8][9][10][11][12] and invertebrates [5,13]. At the population level, animals living in well-lit urban environments are observed to shift the timing and structure of their mating calls [14][15][16][17] and the commencement of breeding [15,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: a possible link between the presence of artificial light at night and reductions in biological fitness

Jones

Durrant

Michaelides

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The mechanisms underpinning the ecological impacts of the presence of artificial night lighting remain elusive. One suspected underlying cause is that the presence of light at night (LAN) supresses nocturnal production of melatonin, a key driver of biological rhythm and a potent antioxidant with a proposed role in immune function. Here, we briefly review the evidence for melatonin as the link between LAN and changes in behaviour and physiology. We then present preliminary data supporting the potential for melatonin to act as a recovery agent mitigating the negative effects of LAN in an invertebrate. Adult crickets ( Teleogryllus commodus ), exposed to constant illumination, were provided with dietary melatonin (concentrations: 0, 10 or 100 µg ml −1 ) in their drinking water. We then compared survival, lifetime fecundity and, over a 4-week period, immune function (haemocyte concentration, lysozyme-like and phenoloxidase (PO) activity). Melatonin supplementation was able only partially to mitigate the detrimental effects of LAN: it did not improve survival or fecundity or PO activity, but it had a largely dose-dependent positive effect on haemocyte concentration and lysozyme-like activity. We discuss the implications of these relationships, as well as the usefulness of invertebrates as model species for future studies that explore the effects of LAN.

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Effects of artificial illumination on the nocturnal foraging of waders

Cited by 113 publications

References 25 publications

Benefits and costs of artificial nighttime lighting of the environment

Benefits and costs of artificial nighttime lighting of the environment

Artificial Light at Night Reduces Daily Energy Expenditure in Breeding Great Tits (Parus major)

Melatonin: a possible link between the presence of artificial light at night and reductions in biological fitness

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