Effects of artificial substrate and night-time aeration on the water quality inMacrobrachium amazonicum(Heller 1862) pond culture

Abstract

The effects of artificial substrate and night-time aeration on the culture of Macrobrachium amazonicum were evaluated in 12 ponds stocked with 45 prawns m À2 . A completely randomized design in 2 9 2 factorial scheme with three replicates was used. The combination of factors resulted in four treatments: with substrate and aeration (SA), with substrate and without aeration (SWA), without substrate and with aeration (WSA) and without substrate and aeration (WSWA). The presence of substrate in SA and SWA treatments reduced suspended particles (seston) by~17.3% and P-orthophosphate by~50%. The use of aerator (WSA and SA treatments) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the concentration of dissolved oxygen, suspended particles and nutrients in the pond water. These results indicate that the effect of substrate on turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) values is opposite to the effect of the aerator. The aerators in semiintensive grow-out M. amazonicum farming lower water quality because they increased the amount of detritus and nutrients in the pond water. On the other hand, the use of artificial substrate reduces turbidity values, chlorophyll a, TSS and P-orthophosphate concentrations. Therefore, the combination of substrate addition and night-time aeration is not interesting because they have opposite effects.

Peer Review #1 of "Artificial substrata increase pond farming density of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by increasing the bacteria that participate in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in pond water (v0.1)"

“…Asaduzzaman et al (2008) also showed that the total ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the treatment pond can be controlled at a lower level than that in the control pond after the addition of a substrate, implying that the substrate supports the growth of nitrifying bacteria and algae, which in turn reduces total ammonia-nitrogen and NO 2 − -N levels. In addition, our results also showed that in most cases, the concentration of TN and TP in pond water could be reduced by the presence of artificial substrata; nitrite, ammonia-nitrogen, and nitrate also showed a similar trend, especially for grass carp cultured at a high culture density (D40 and D50), in accordance with the results of previous studies (Azim et al, 2002;Asaduzzaman et al, 2008;Kumar et al, 2015;Henares et al, 2015). These results thus showed that water quality might be very important for the growth of aquaculture species, suggesting that water quality control should be strictly maintained during this process.…”

Overview of strategies that contribute to the environmental sustainability of pond aquaculture: rearing systems, residue treatment, and environmental assessment tools

“…In benthonic rearing systems, the aerators reduce the water column stratification, which improves the bottom habitat for animal growth (Rogers & Fast 1988). An increase in the nitrogen concentration in water benefits the phytoplankton development in carp polyculture (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeo fimbriatus and Puntius sarana) tanks (Pawar et al 2009) and the periphyton growth in Macrobrachium amazonicum ponds (Henares et al 2013). Autotrophic organisms assimilate inorganic compounds; in addition to improving the water quality, they can result in better productivity and decrease the nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the effluent (Bratvold & Browdy 2001;Asaduzzaman et al 2009).…”

“…) and the periphyton growth in Macrobrachium amazonicum ponds (Henares et al . ). Autotrophic organisms assimilate inorganic compounds; in addition to improving the water quality, they can result in better productivity and decrease the nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the effluent (Bratvold & Browdy ; Asaduzzaman et al .…”

“…Aquaculture effluent discharge can cause modifications in aquatic ecosystem communities. These changes are related to the increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended solids and the reduction in the water dissolved oxygen level due to organic matter mineralization (Henry-Silva & Camargo 2008;Henares et al 2013). The effluent release from a Penaeus monodon culture into mangroves in north Australia has raised the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, leading to undesired algae growth (Trott & Alongi 2000).…”

Performance of an aquaponics system using constructed semi-dry wetland with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) on treating wastewater of culture of Amazon River shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum)

“…The substrates are natural screens (e.g., bamboo, branches) or artificial screens (e.g., screens, nets) installed inside the culture ponds to increase the production area; especially, benthic organisms reduce heterogeneous growth and agonistic behavior like well and improve animal welfare (Karplus and Sagi 2010). The addition of substrates allows the growth of periphyton, which absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus, enhancing water quality, and provides food to the shrimps (Tidwell & Bratvold 2005;Henares et al 2015). In this study, no substrate was used in the shrimp culture tanks that have limited space.…”