Effects of Astaxanthin from Shrimp Shell on Oxidative Stress and Behavior in Animal Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of astaxanthin (ASX) extracted and ASX powder from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) shells on Wistar rats with Alzheimer’s disease, induced by amyloid-β (1-42) peptides. In this task, the rats were divided into eight groups: (1) Control, (2) sham operate, (3) negative control (vehicle) + Aβ1-42, (4) ASX extract+Aβ1-42, (5) commercial ASX + Aβ1-42, (6) ASX powder + Aβ1-42, (7) blank powder + Aβ1-42, and (8) vitamin E + Aβ1-42. All treatments were orally administrated for 30 days. At 14- and 29-days post injection, animals were observed in behavioral tests. On the 31st day, animals were sacrificed; the hippocampus and cortex were collected. Those two brain areas were then homogenized and stored for biochemical and histological analysis. The results showed that the Aβ1-42 infused group significantly reduced cognitive ability and increased memory loss, as assessed by the Morris water maze test, novel object recognition test, and novel object location test. Moreover, the Aβ1-42 infused group exhibited a deterioration of oxidative markers, including glutathione peroxidase enzymes (GPx), lipid peroxidation (MDA), products of protein oxidation, and superoxide anion in the cortex and the hippocampus. Meanwhile, ASX powder (10 mg/kg body weight) showed a significant reduction in cognitive and memory impairments and oxidative stress which is greater than ASX extract in the same dose of compound or vitamin E (100 mg/kg body weight). Our study indicates the beneficial properties of ASX in alleviation of cognitive functions and reducing neurodegeneration in Wistar rats induced by amyloid-β (1-42) peptides.

Krill Oil Attenuates Cognitive Impairment by the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis in an Amyloid β-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model

“…Dietary supplementation of PC improved cognitive function by inhibition of oxidative stress and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity [ 25 , 26 ]. The administration of astaxantin, which is an active component of KO, improved cognitive and memory function by inhibition of oxidative stress and Aβ plaque level in an Aβ-treated rat model [ 27 ]. However, the cognitive improvement effects and its mechanisms of KO, which is rich sources of PUFAs, PC, and astaxantin, against Aβ 25–35 -induced cognitive impairment have not been investigated yet.…”

Astaxanthin and its Effects in Inflammatory Responses and Inflammation-Associated Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Directions

“…Astaxanthin is able to act against Alzheimer’s disease. In Wistar rats with Alzheimer’s disease, astaxanthin powder from shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) shells showed a significant alleviation of cognitive functions ( Table 1 ) [ 48 ]. In APP/PSEN1 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic mice, the administration of synthesized docosahexaenoic-acid-acylated astaxanthin diesters (AST-DHA) attenuated cognitive disorders by regulating the parameters of oxidative stress and suppressing neuroinflammation ( Table 1 ) [ 49 ].…”

Molecular Mechanisms of Astaxanthin as a Potential Neurotherapeutic Agent

“…Previous studies have demonstrated the potential effective role that ASX might have in the management of AD. A previous study by Taksima et al [ 47 ], where the authors used ASX powder obtained from shrimp shells ( Litopenaeus vannamei ), showed that Wistar rats with AD had significantly improved levels of their cognitive abilities. ASX has significantly enhanced spatial and non-spatial memory and reduced neurodegeneration, assessed by the object recognition test and Aβ plaque level [ 47 ].…”

“…A previous study by Taksima et al [ 47 ], where the authors used ASX powder obtained from shrimp shells ( Litopenaeus vannamei ), showed that Wistar rats with AD had significantly improved levels of their cognitive abilities. ASX has significantly enhanced spatial and non-spatial memory and reduced neurodegeneration, assessed by the object recognition test and Aβ plaque level [ 47 ]. It was thought that ASX might improve GPx activity, which was observed to be suppressed due to mitochondrial dysfunction and Aβ accumulation [ 47 , 48 ].…”