Effects of Asymmetric SST Distribution on Straight-Moving Typhoon Ewiniar (2006) and Recurving Typhoon Maemi (2003)

Choi, Yu-Mi; Yun, Kyung-Sook; Ha, Kyung‐Ja; Kim, Kwang‐Yul; Yoon, Seog Young; Chan, Johnny C. L.

doi:10.1175/mwr-d-12-00207.1

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The intensity simulations of TCs can be improved by reducing the coupling interval between atmosphere and ocean components in fully coupled general circulation models (Scoccimarro et al, ). On the other hand, it has been shown that TC movement is also influenced by SST gradients, and consequently, TC tends to translate toward a warmer SST area (e.g., Chang & Madala, ; Choi et al, ; Yun et al, ). However, the overall warmer SST in an open ocean can lead to a faster northward TC movement (Katsube & Inatsu, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the PV advection modulates the redistribution of PV, the induced positive PV tendency is intimately related to the asymmetric flow and vertical motions (Wong & Chan, ). Consequently, the straight‐moving typhoon tends to deflect toward the region of warmer SST with a dominant positive PV tendency mostly contributed by horizontal advection of PV (Choi et al, ; Yun et al, ). On the other hand, the geometric distribution of PV tendency can be greatly modified by topographic effects as a TC moves closer to a steep mountain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influences of Orography and Ocean on Track of Typhoon Megi (2016) Past Taiwan as Identified by HWRF

Huang

2018

JGR Atmospheres

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Typhoon Megi (2016) headed northwestward toward Taiwan with southward deflection near landfall. In this study, Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast system (HWRF) was used to investigate the mechanism of the track changes over free ocean and track deflection near landfall. HWRF simulations using more realistic Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model sea surface temperature (SST) analysis improve the northward biased track compared with that using Global Forecast System SST, due to the initial cooler SST below the storm path. The initial warmer Global Forecast System SST leads to a northward track shifting with an overintensified typhoon. As the Princeton Ocean Model is coupled, the SST over South China Sea becomes warmer leading to a northward track shifting compared to a southward shifting induced by the upper ocean cooling due to the typhoon-ocean interactions in the vicinity of the typhoon. Regardless of track shifting, southward deflection near landfall is mainly controlled by orographic effects of the Central Mountain Range (CMR). Cyclonic northerly is enhanced to the west of the typhoon center ahead and over the CMR that results in southward deflection. Diagnostics of potential vorticity (PV) tendency budget indicates that southward deflection can be explained by the southeastward tendency of latent heating effects near landfall. The combined effects of latent heating and cyclonic rotation of positive wave numer-1 (WN-1) potential vorticity vertical advection dominate the southward deflection when the typhoon is closer to Taiwan. Furthermore, the typhoon movement near landfall is slowed down mainly due to WN-1 negative vertical differential latent heating over the northern CMR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influences of Orography and Ocean on Track of Typhoon Megi (2016) Past Taiwan as Identified by HWRF

Huang

2018

JGR Atmospheres

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“…The Kain-Fritsch scheme [40] is used for the cumulus parameterization. The details of the model physics have been documented by Yun et al (2012) and Choi et al (2013) [41,42]. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final (FNL) Operational Global Analysis 6-hourly data with 1.0 • × 1.0 • resolution, and SST data obtained at the daily interval from the Optimal Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature version 2 (OISST.v2) with 0.25 • × 0.25 • resolution, are used as initial and boundary conditions [43].…”

Section: Model Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where a left side is wavenumber 1 component of PVT, θ ∂x is diabatic heating (DH) included in vertical shear and precipitation. PVT is particularly sensitive to level; we vertical averaged from 0.9 to 0.55 sigma level because straight-moving TCs are affected by the low-mid layer in previous work [42,48].…”

Section: Effect Of the Location Of The Cold Wake Generated By Bolavenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Typhoon-Generated Cold Wake on the Subsequent Typhoon Tembin and Its Sensitivity to Horizontal Resolutions

Moon

2019

Atmosphere

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Weather research models have been used to investigate the sensitivity of simulations of Typhoon Tembin (1214) to changes in three horizontal grid spacings and the effect of the cold wake generated by Typhoon Bolaven (1215). We used modified sea surface temperature (SST) to simulate Tembin as it approached after Bolaven had passed through the Ieodo Ocean Research Station and the Yellow Sea buoy in Korea. In the tropical cyclone (TC) tracking experiments, a higher resolution showed the faster and more eastward movement of TCs in all SST conditions. TCs tend to move more eastward at all resolutions particularly when there is a cold wake in their western regions. When there is no cold wake, the intensity of TC is very sensitive to the resolution of the experiment. If a cold wake is maintained on the western and eastern sides, TC intensity is less sensitive to differences in resolution. The precipitation from TCs in the cold wake of the eastern (western) region is lower (higher) than when there is no wake. The TC-generated cold wake significantly affects intensity and movement in cold wake cases in the western region, regardless of horizontal grid, for various reasons.Atmosphere 2019, 10, 644 2 of 18 literature, despite their importance. For example, typhoon-generated cold wakes have been shown to cool SSTs from~3 to 8 • C [29][30][31][32]. In Dare and McBride [33], the cooling effect of an initial typhoon was recovered by just 44% approximately five days following the cooling, and by 88% after 30 days. This cold wake effect impacts the direction and intensity of other typhoons [28,[34][35][36][37][38]. Jeong et al. [34] also considered how the typhoon-induced cold wake of Typhoon Ewiniar (0603; the third typhoon of 2006) inhibited the development of Typhoon Billis (0604; the fourth typhoon of 2006).Typhoon Bolaven (1215) resulted in a decrease of about 10 • C along the coast of Jeollanam-do in the Yellow Sea, and the intensity of Typhoon Tembin (1214) was weakened by the rapidly cooled sea surface [35]. However, Kim et al. [35] only noted the weakened intensity of Tembin in response to the cooling from Bolaven without investigating the processes that led to this weakening. Moon et al. [37] and Heo et al. [38] also studied the change in the track of the following and weakening of Tembin via the cold wake using Bolaven and Tembin and focusing on 10 m wind and changes in the waves caused by a typhoon. The previous studies [34][35][36][37][38] investigated the impact of the changed SST on around region of the following TC. However, there is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms by which the track, intensity, and precipitation of a TC is affected by the SST gradient generated by a typhoon that occurred before it. In this study, we investigate the effect of the Typhoon Bolaven-generated cold wake on the track, intensity, and precipitation of Typhoon Tembin using the potential vorticity tendency (PVT) and vertical structure of potential vorticity (PV). The typhoon was simulated from 27 to 30 August, before Typhoon Tem...

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“…The PV perspective is not only applicable to TC motion (e.g., Wu and Wang, 2000;Chan et al, 2002;Choi et al, 2013), but also to TC intensity change (e.g., Molinari et al, 1998). Molinari et al (1998Molinari et al ( , 1995 also applied the PV perspective to interaction cases, in which interaction could be viewed as an upper-level synoptic PV anomaly (the environment) interacting with a lower-level mesoscale PV anomaly (the TC).…”

Section: Tc Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper-tropospheric environment–tropical cyclone interactions over the western North Pacific: A statistical study

Qian

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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Based on 25-year (1987-2011) tropical cyclone (TC) best track data, a statistical study was carried out to investigate the basic features of upper-tropospheric TC-environment interactions over the western North Pacific. Interaction was defined as the absolute value of eddy momentum flux convergence (EFC) exceeding 10 m s −1 d −1 . Based on this definition, it was found that 18% of all six-hourly TC samples experienced interaction. Extreme interaction cases showed that EFC can reach ∼120 m s −1 d −1 during the extratropical-cyclone (EC) stage, an order of magnitude larger than reported in previous studies. Composite analysis showed that positive interactions are characterized by a double-jet flow pattern, rather than the traditional trough pattern, because it is the jets that bring in large EFC from the upper-level environment to the TC center. The role of the outflow jet is also enhanced by relatively low inertial stability, as compared to the inflow jet. Among several environmental factors, it was found that extremely large EFC is usually accompanied by high inertial stability, low SST and strong vertical wind shear (VWS). Thus, the positive effect of EFC is cancelled by their negative effects. Only those samples during the EC stage, whose intensities were less dependent on VWS and the underlying SST, could survive in extremely large EFC environments, or even re-intensify. For classical TCs (not in the EC stage), it was found that environments with a moderate EFC value generally below ∼25 m s −1 d −1 are more favorable for a TC's intensification than those with extremely large EFC.

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Effects of Asymmetric SST Distribution on Straight-Moving Typhoon Ewiniar (2006) and Recurving Typhoon Maemi (2003)

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

The Influences of Orography and Ocean on Track of Typhoon Megi (2016) Past Taiwan as Identified by HWRF

The Influences of Orography and Ocean on Track of Typhoon Megi (2016) Past Taiwan as Identified by HWRF

Effect of Typhoon-Generated Cold Wake on the Subsequent Typhoon Tembin and Its Sensitivity to Horizontal Resolutions

Upper-tropospheric environment–tropical cyclone interactions over the western North Pacific: A statistical study

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