Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on CO2 exchange rates of beech stands in small model ecosystems

Overdieck, Dieter

doi:10.1007/bf01105001

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Quercus rubra (947.>) Bazzaz et al 1993; Liriodendron tulipifera (22%) Norby and O'Neill 19911. In a recent study of beech monocultures {Fagus syhatica), Overdieck (1993) reported a 52'^ CO2-induced biomass enhancement following one year of exposure, an enhancement ratio much greater than those reported for other competitively grown trees. However, this study began with 2-year old, non-acclimated saplings and a stand density that was substantially lower than the high-density treatments we employed here.…”

Section: Density-dependent Effects On Coi-'mduced Growth Enhancementsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Seedling density modifies the growth responses of yellow birch maternal families to elevated carbon dioxide

Wayne

Bazzaz

1995

Global Change Biology

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We studied seedling growth responses to ambient and elevated CO2 (350 and 700 |JL L"') of three maternal families of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), raised both individually and in bigb-density stands. Seedlings in competitive, dense stands exhibited markedly lower average CO2-induced growth enhancements than individually grown plants (16% vs. 49%). Maternal families differed in tbeir growth responses to elevated CO2. However, differences among families were contingent upon density; families which exhibited the greatest CO2-induced growth at low density exhibited the least CO2-responsiveness at bigb density. Tbese data are discussed in two separate contexts; the reliability of estimates of the CO2 fertilization potential of forest species based solely on individually grown plants, and the potential evolutionary consequences of rising CO2 on regenerating forest tree populations.

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Section: Density-dependent Effects On Coi-'mduced Growth Enhancementsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Seedling density modifies the growth responses of yellow birch maternal families to elevated carbon dioxide

Wayne

Bazzaz

1995

Global Change Biology

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“…Three years of experimental CO 2 doubling increased net ecosystem carbon uptake in sandstone and serpentine grasslands, causing a greater increase in carbon cycling than in carbon storage (Hungate et al 1997). In contrast, a 41% CO 2 stimulation of above-ground dry mass was found in fertile sapling plots of Beech (Overdieck 1993) where mid-season NEC d was increased by 90% (Forstreuter 1995). Norby et al (1995) noticed a 135% greater whole-plant biomass in White Oak saplings grown for 4 years under elevated CO 2 compared to ambient CO 2 , which they explained by compound interest effects of an early growth stimulation rather than by persistent growth response to CO 2 enrichment.…”

Section: Biomass Incrementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

et al. 1999

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1. We present data on the gas exchange of 32 Beech–Spruce model ecosystems including understorey species, which were planted on acidic or calcareous soil in 16 (half‐split) open‐top chambers in 1994 and were continuously exposed to the combinations of two CO2 concentrations and two wet nitrogen deposition rates for 3 years. 2. Instantaneous mid‐season net ecosystem carbon‐exchange rates (NEC) were determined during the day (11.00–16.00 h, NECd) and at night (22.00–02.00 h, NECn) with a mobile chamber in July 1996 and August 1997 for both soil types and, in addition, in August and September 1996 on acidic soil only. 3. Elevated CO2 increased NECd at all sampling dates on both soil types and under both N deposition rates. Increased nitrogen deposition stimulated NECd on acidic soil but not on calcareous soil, irrespective of the CO2 level. NECn was increased in elevated CO2 on both soil types (but more on the calcareous soil), but did not respond to increased nitrogen deposition in both years. The daytime instantaneous ecosystem evapotranspiration (ETd) was not significantly affected by the CO2 and nitrogen treatments at any sampling date. Year to year differences in NECn and ETd were small, but a doubling in NECd occurred throughout the observation period. 4. Elevated CO2 caused a small but significant increase in stem dry mass on calcareous soil only and increased nitrogen deposition stimulated stem biomass production on acidic soil only. Leaf area index was not affected by CO2, but was increased under high nitrogen deposition. 5. Our results suggest that nitrogen deposition and soil type are major co‐determinants of the carbon balance of forests in a future CO2‐rich world.

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“…There have been a number of studies on the responses of F. sylvatica to elevated [CO # ] (El Kohen et al, 1993 ;Overdieck, 1993 ;Epron et al, 1996 ;Heath & Kerstiens, 1997 ;Lee et al, 1998). However, it is impossible to know if the different results from these studies are most attributable to differences in experimental conditions or to differences in the provenance used.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of tree size and temperature on relative growth rate and its components of Fagus sylvatica seedlings exposed to two partial pressures of atmospheric [CO₂]

Bruhn¹,

Leverenz²,

Saxe³

2000

New Phytologist

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Growth responses of two provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) were studied. The seedlings were grown in closed‐top chambers at four temperature regimes (−2.9 °C below ambient, ambient, +2.3 °C and +4.8 °C above ambient) in combination with two CO2 partial pressures (40 Pa and 74 Pa). Growth was followed by making destructive harvests c. every 25 d from germination in early June to senescence in late September. Allocation patterns were significantly affected by the temperature regimes. However, changes in dry matter allocation and morphology associated with the different treatments at a given time were mostly a result of differences in tree size. Temperature regimes only had a significant effect on the relative growth rate, RGR, at the beginning of the experiment. In contrast to temperature, high [CO2] increased RGR throughout the experiment when compared with plants of equal size. As the trees increased in size net assimilation rate, NAR, decreased but the effect of [CO2] on both NAR and RGR had a tendency to increase. Increases in NAR caused by elevated [CO2] were partly counteracted by reductions in the leaf area ratio, LAR. Reductions in LAR were caused by concomitant reductions in specific leaf area, SLA, whereas the level of [CO2] did not significantly affect leaf weight ratio, LWR, nor other dry weight ratios. The interactions between temperature and [CO2] are highly dependent on whether they are expressed as instantaneous values for plants at a common age or instantaneous values at a common size (and thereby extracting the effects of ontogenetic drift). When comparing instantaneous values at common sizes, the positive effect of [CO2] on RGR increased with plant size in every temperature regime. This also occurred in every temperature regime when comparing plants of equal age but the response to [CO2] was less. The effect of [CO2] on RGR was dependent on growth temperature. The positive effects of elevated [CO2] on RGR were less than the positive effect on photosynthesis. The two provenances did not differ significantly in the response of RGR to [CO2] which is in agreement with measurements of photosynthesis.

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Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on CO2 exchange rates of beech stands in small model ecosystems

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Seedling density modifies the growth responses of yellow birch maternal families to elevated carbon dioxide

Seedling density modifies the growth responses of yellow birch maternal families to elevated carbon dioxide

Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

Effects of tree size and temperature on relative growth rate and its components of Fagus sylvatica seedlings exposed to two partial pressures of atmospheric [CO₂]

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Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on CO2 exchange rates of beech stands in small model ecosystems

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Seedling density modifies the growth responses of yellow birch maternal families to elevated carbon dioxide

Seedling density modifies the growth responses of yellow birch maternal families to elevated carbon dioxide

Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO2 enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

Effects of tree size and temperature on relative growth rate and its components of Fagus sylvatica seedlings exposed to two partial pressures of atmospheric [CO2]

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Carbon and water fluxes in Beech–Spruce model ecosystems in response to long‐term exposure to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and increased nitrogen deposition

Effects of tree size and temperature on relative growth rate and its components of Fagus sylvatica seedlings exposed to two partial pressures of atmospheric [CO₂]