Effects of atomic oxygen on epoxy-based shape memory polymer in low earth orbit

Qiao, Tan; Li, Fengfeng; Liu, Liwu; Chu, Hetao; Liu, Yanju; Leng, Jinsong

doi:10.1177/1045389x17730915

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There was no change in the main characteristic peaks, as shown in Figure 3 c, i.e., the functional group did not change after AO exposure. Whether there were chemical changes was inconclusive based on these results alone, as the chemical reactions between functional groups may not be detectable with FTIR spectroscopy [ 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature range in the LEO environment is between −150 °C and 150 °C, and microcracks in the matrix of the composite can be initiated by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber and the matrix during the thermal cycle [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. For these reasons, the mechanical properties of polymers and polymer composites in a LEO environment have been of great interest [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Recently, researches have been conducted on surface coating and reinforcement to protect against UV and AO exposure [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the long-term properties and durability of SMPCs in a LEO environment, i.e., for a duration of up to 10 years, have yet to be fully clarified [ 25 ]. Because long-term exposure tests in a LEO environment are not routine and can be practically inefficient, most studies have been conducted in the range of up to 100 h (typically several hours to tens of hours) [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated Testing Method for Predicting Long-Term Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Shape Memory Polymer Composites in a Low Earth Orbit Environment

et al. 2021

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Carbon fiber-reinforced shape memory polymer composites (CF-SMPCs) have been researched as a potential next-generation material for aerospace application, due to their lightweight and self-deployable properties. To this end, the mechanical properties of CF-SMPCs, including long-term durability, must be characterized in aerospace environments. In this study, the storage modulus of CF-SMPCs was investigated in a simulation of a low Earth orbit (LEO) environment involving three harsh conditions: high vacuum, and atomic oxygen (AO) and ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. CF-SMPCs in a LEO environment degrade over time due to temperature extremes and matrix erosion by AO. The opposite behavior was observed in our experiments, due to crosslinking induced by AO and UV light exposure in the LEO environment. The effects of the three harsh conditions on the properties of CF-SMPCs were characterized individually, using accelerated tests conducted at various temperatures in a space environment chamber, and were then combined using the time–temperature superposition principle. The long-term mechanical behavior of CF-SMPCs in the LEO environment was then predicted by the linear product of the shift factors obtained from the three accelerated tests. The results also indicated only a slight change in the shape memory performance of the CF-SMPCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated Testing Method for Predicting Long-Term Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Shape Memory Polymer Composites in a Low Earth Orbit Environment

et al. 2021

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“…Leng et al. [ 157 ] also reported the effect of atomic oxygen on epoxy‐based SMPs. The results indicated that the atomic oxygen had little influence on the storage module and transition temperature, but the mechanical property decreased due to microcracks caused by atomic oxygen erosion.…”

Section: Recent Advances In Applications Of Smps and Smpcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Shape Memory Polymers and Composites: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

et al. 2020

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Over the past decades, interest in shape memory polymers (SMPs) has persisted, and immense efforts have been dedicated to developing SMPs and their multifunctional composites. As a class of stimuli‐responsive polymers, SMPs can return to their initial shape from a programmed temporary shape under external stimuli, such as light, heat, magnetism, and electricity. The introduction of functional materials and nanostructures results in shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) with large recoverable deformation, enhanced mechanical properties, and controllable remote actuation. Because of these unique features, SMPCs have a broad application prospect in many fields covering aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, flexible electronics, soft robotics, shape memory arrays, and 4D printing. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of the shape recovery mechanisms, multifunctionality, applications, and recent advances in SMPs and SMPCs is presented. Specifically, the combination of functional, reversible, multiple, and controllable shape recovery processes is discussed. Further, established products from such materials are highlighted. Finally, potential directions for the future advancement of SMPs are proposed.

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“…Unprotected polymers will erode at a rate of ~100 µm per year due to hyperthermal AO impinging on their surface [40]. However, AO erosion affects only the top surface layer and, therefore, has minimum or no impact on the shape memory effect (SME) of SMPs exposed to the LEO environment [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of POSS Type on the Space Environment Durability of Epoxy-POSS Nanocomposites

Bram

Gouzman²,

Bolker³

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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In order to use polymers at low Earth orbit (LEO) environment, they must be protected against atomic oxygen (AO) erosion. A promising protection strategy is to incorporate polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules into the polymer backbone. In this study, the space durability of epoxy-POSS (EPOSS) nanocomposites was investigated. Two types of POSS molecules were incorporated separately—amine-based and epoxy-based. The outgassing properties of the EPOSS, in terms of total mass loss, collected volatile condensable material, and water vapor regain were measured as a function of POSS type and content. The AO durability was studied using a ground-based AO simulation system. Surface compositions of EPOSS were studied using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that with respect to the outgassing properties, only some of the EPOSS compositions were suitable for the ultrahigh vacuum space environment, and that the POSS type and content had a strong effect on their outgassing properties. Regardless of the POSS type being used, the AO durability improved significantly. This improvement is attributed to the formation of a self-passivated AO durable SiO2 layer, and demonstrates the potential use of EPOSS as a qualified nanocomposite for space applications.

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Effects of atomic oxygen on epoxy-based shape memory polymer in low earth orbit

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Accelerated Testing Method for Predicting Long-Term Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Shape Memory Polymer Composites in a Low Earth Orbit Environment

Accelerated Testing Method for Predicting Long-Term Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Shape Memory Polymer Composites in a Low Earth Orbit Environment

A Review of Shape Memory Polymers and Composites: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

Influence of POSS Type on the Space Environment Durability of Epoxy-POSS Nanocomposites

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