Effects of atomizing media and post processing on mechanical properties of 17-4 PH stainless steel manufactured via selective laser melting

Pasebani, Somayeh; Ghayoor, Milad; Badwe, Sunil; Irrinki, Harish; Atre, Sundar V.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.05.011

Cited by 75 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The hardness of L-PBF parts increases from 18 HRC to 24 HRC when the energy density increases from 64 J/mm 3 to 104 J/mm 3 . This might be due to the relatively higher density of the parts being manufactured at higher laser energy density, as reported by Pasebani [93]. Irrinki [115] also found that hardness of parts fabricated through both water-atomized and gas-atomized powders increased with increased laser energy density.…”

Section: Effect Of Process Parameters On Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Among the three atomizing media, the cooling rates for water-atomized powder are 10-100 times larger than gas-atomized powders [126] (a high cooling rate refines the grains and suppresses the austenite transformation). The carbon content of the water-atomized powder (0.208 wt.%) is much higher than that of the gas-atomized powder (0.03 wt.%) [93], and the relatively higher carbon content lowers the M S temperature and suppresses the production of martensite. The combination of these two factors leads to a higher austenite content in raw powder materials.…”

Section: Powder Type Argon Gas Fabrication Nitrogen Gas Fabrication Rmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Over-aging of H1025 and H1150 heat treatments does not lead to the expected negative relative strengthening [27]. The gas-atomized powder shows a single martensite after low-temperature solutionizing (1051 • C) and aging (482 • C).After high-temperature dissolution (1315 • C) and aging (482 • C), both gas-atomized and water-atomized components exhibit a complete martensitic structure [93]. 1 H900 (480 • C for 1 h), H1025 (550 • C for 4 h), and H1150 (620 • C for 4 h) heat treatments; 2 Condition A (CA) state (1040 • C for 30 min) and quenched prior to the subsequent aging; 3 SHT (solution heat treatment) was conducted at 788 • C for 2 h followed by water quenching to room temperature; 4 Aging was conducted at 482 • C for 1 h followed by water quenching to room temperature.…”

Section: Microstructure After Heat Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The above differences in microstructure explain the changes in hardness shown in Figure 13. Previous investigations of L-PBF 17-4 PH stainless steels focused on evaluating the heat treatment response of as-built material through hardness measurements in the solutionized [27,129,136,137], solutionized and aged [27,93,129,136], and aged only conditions [27,95,96], as shown in Table 6. The L-PBF + SHT specimen exhibited higher hardness values than the As-L-PBF sample.…”

Section: Effect Of Heat Treatment On Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L-PBF is an advanced additive manufacturing (AM) technique, which involves a layer-by-layer melting and solidification of a metal powder according to the sliced Computer Aided Design (CAD) model, and it is widely used for printing various metals [18,. L-PBF of stainless steels was widely studied in recent years, such as austenitic stainless steels 304 [62][63][64][65] and 316L , duplex stainless steels [87][88][89][90], and PH stainless steels [26,27,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98]. During L-PBF, metallic powder is selectively melted and fused by a high-energy-density laser beam [99][100][101].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Precipitation-Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steels: A Review

Zai

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Metals

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Martensitic stainless steels are widely used in industries due to their high strength and good corrosion resistance performance. Precipitation-hardened (PH) martensitic stainless steels feature very high strength compared with other stainless steels, around 3-4 times the strength of austenitic stainless steels such as 304 and 316. However, the poor workability due to the high strength and hardness induced by precipitation hardening limits the extensive utilization of PH stainless steels as structural components of complex shapes. Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an attractive additive manufacturing technology, which not only exhibits the advantages of producing complex and precise parts with a short lead time, but also avoids or reduces the subsequent machining process. In this review, the microstructures of martensitic stainless steels in the as-built state, as well as the effects of process parameters, building atmosphere, and heat treatments on the microstructures, are reviewed. Then, the characteristics of defects in the as-built state and the causes are specifically analyzed. Afterward, the effect of process parameters and heat treatment conditions on mechanical properties are summarized and reviewed. Finally, the remaining issues and suggestions on future research on L-PBF of martensitic precipitation-hardened stainless steels are put forward.Metals 2020, 10, 255 2 of 25 types of microstructures can be obtained with different heat treatment processes [9]. The typical temperature range for aging heat treatment for this alloy is 480-620 • C [1]. Under the H900 condition (aging temperature: 482 • C, time: 1 h), the precipitation in 17-4 PH stainless steel begins with Cu-rich precipitates (bcc, body center cubic) that maintain a coherent relationship with the matrix, which would lead to an increase in tensile strength and toughness [4]. These precipitates can transform into non-coherent Cu-rich particles (fcc, face center cubic) after extended aging at 400 • C [5]. After experiencing over-aging, the precipitates are coarsened. The number of precipitates is reduced, and the coherence relationship is also destroyed [6,10]. These changes together lead to a decrease in mechanical strength, but an increase in ductility and impact toughness.PH stainless steels are widely used in the aerospace industry [11,12], the marine industry [13], nuclear reactor components [14], chemical process equipment [15], and medical apparatus due to their high tensile strength, impact strength, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance at typical service temperatures below 300 • C [15,16]. Most of these parts are important load-bearing components of heavy machinery in a demanding service environment. However, PH stainless steels have poor workability and machinability due to their high strength and high hardness, which result in a long production cycle and difficulties in obtaining desired shapes through conventional machining and forming processes [17].Due to the high strength and high hardness of PH steels, they are difficult to b...

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Section: Effect Of Process Parameters On Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Powder Type Argon Gas Fabrication Nitrogen Gas Fabrication Rmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Microstructure After Heat Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Effect Of Heat Treatment On Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Precipitation-Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steels: A Review

Zai

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Metals

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Advancement in Laser‐Based Directed Energy Deposition of Stainless Steel on Microstructural Changes in Mechanical and Wear Properties

Das,

Roy,

Lohar

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) has witnessed significant growth in recent years, particularly in the processing of stainless steel due to its corrosion resistance and favorable mechanical properties. In LAM, laser‐directed energy deposition (L‐DED) process offers unique advantages, allowing for the production of large and intricate components with high material utilization and reduced material wastage. Despite its numerous advantages, challenges such as controlling heat input, achieving precise layering, and minimizing residual stresses need to be addressed. The importance of understanding these challenges and mitigation of it, is one of major concern of L‐DED‐processed stainless steel parts. Existing review on metal additive manufacturing has primarily focused on tool steel and stainless steels (austenitic) with an emphasis on process parameter optimization and their effects on deposited part. However, there is a critical gap in understanding how the process parameters impact the evolution of microstructure during deposition, subsequently influencing mechanical and wear properties. Therefore, this review aims to fill that gap by conducting a comprehensive study on L‐DED processed especially 15‐5 precipitation‐hardened and stainless steel (SS) 316L, focusing on microstructural characteristics, texture evolution, microhardness variation, and their influence on mechanical properties and wear resistance. The significance of this review lies in providing valuable insights into the process structure–property relationships of L‐DED processed stainless steel especially in precipitation‐hardened and austenitic grade steel.

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Influence of Pore Formation and Its Role on the Tensile Properties of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Sarker

Ali

Ahmed

et al. 2021

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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Effects of atomizing media and post processing on mechanical properties of 17-4 PH stainless steel manufactured via selective laser melting

Cited by 75 publications

References 33 publications

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Precipitation-Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steels: A Review

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Precipitation-Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steels: A Review

Advancement in Laser‐Based Directed Energy Deposition of Stainless Steel on Microstructural Changes in Mechanical and Wear Properties

Influence of Pore Formation and Its Role on the Tensile Properties of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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