Effects of Atrazine-Based Herbicide on Emergence and Sex Ratio of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera)

Leite, Germano Leão Demolin; Paulo, Paula Daiana de; Zanúncio, José Cola; Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Tavares, Wagner de Souza; Santos, L.D. Tuffi; Spínola-Filho, Paulo Roberto de Carvalho

doi:10.1653/024.098.0313

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Nicosulfuron was classified as class 3= moderately harmful (80 to 99% reduction), the positive control (λ-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam) was classified as class 2= slightly harmful (30 to 79% reduction), and atrazine was classified as class 1= harmless (lower than 30% reduction) ( Table 2). The lack of impact of atrazine on T. pretiosum emergence was similar to that reported for the herbicide Gesaprim 500 Ciba Geigy ® when sprayed onto A. kuehniella eggs subjected to parasitism (Leite et al, 2015). The higher emergence of T. pretiosum and T. remus from A. kuehniella and S. frugiperda eggs treated with the herbicide Paradox ® than with Gramoxone 200 ® classified them as slightly harmful and selective, respectively (Carmo et al, 2009(Carmo et al, , 2010.…”

Section: Emergence From Eggs At 24 and 48 Hours Posttreatmentsupporting

confidence: 73%

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Selectivity of registered pesticides for the corn crop on immature stages of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

et al. 2019

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Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an egg parasitoid of lepidopteran pests in corn, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), in Brazil. Chemical products used in agriculture can be toxic to this biocontrol agent. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the longevity, parasitism and emergence of T. pretiosum parasitizing Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), eggs treated with herbicide solutions with the active ingredients (chemical group) atrazine (triazines), paraquat dichloride (bipyridylium) and nicosulfuron (sulfonylurea). Pure distilled water was used as a negative control, and a solution of a product with λ-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (pyrethroid + neonicotinoid, respectively) was used as the positive control. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and 10 replicates. Anagasta kuehniella eggs were stored for two periods after treatment, 24 and 48 hours. These eggs were subjected to parasitism for two subjecting periods, 24 and 48 hours. The results were analysed statistically and classified according to the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). Atrazine and nicosulfuron reduced the longevity of T. pretiosum females. Nicosulfuron and the combination λ-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam reduced the parasitism and emergence of this natural enemy. The paraquat dichloride-based herbicide was the least toxic and therefore represents a potential option for controlling weeds with low toxicity to the T. pretiosum parasitoid.

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Section: Emergence From Eggs At 24 and 48 Hours Posttreatmentsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…captan, group: dicarboximide) and Persist SC ® (herbicide, a.i. picloran + 2.4-D, groups: pyridine carboxylic acid + aryloxyalkanoic acid, respectively) are selective to Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Giolo et al, 2005;Leite et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity of registered pesticides for the corn crop on immature stages of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

et al. 2019

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“…atrazine) in a laboratory in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, shows the resistance of the rst species to these herbicides [39]. This is due to the fact that T. acacioi needs a highly favorable environment and maximum vigor of its individuals to exert parasitism because it is more susceptible to pesticides [21,40,41,42] and inadapted to high temperatures [43]. In addition, parasitism by non-fed females is low, producing only males when not mated in the laboratory in Alegre, Espírito Santo state, Brazil [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nicosulfurom) and for T. pretiosum, T. demoraesi, T. galloi, and T. soaresi with Gesaprim 500 Ciba Geigy® (a.i. atrazine), with higher emergence of their females in a no-choice test [40,41]. The higher emergence of females of the pupa parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with the pre-treatment of the pupae of the host [i.e., the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)] with a Scout® solution (a.i.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Tolerance of Trichogramma Pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to the Mixture of the Herbicides Nicosulfuron Plus Atrazine

Leite¹,

Cordeiro²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

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Background: Maize, Zea mays (Poaceae), is one of the most important crops in the world, but defoliating caterpillars (Lepidoptera) and weeds can reduce the productivity of this plant. The control of weeds in the maize crop in Brazil is mainly accomplished with nicosulfuron- and atrazine-based herbicides, and of lepidopteran pest eggs with use of several species of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) parasitoids released. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rates of parasitism and emergence of females and the sex ratio (%) of 10 Trichogrammatidae species, in a free-choice test, submitted to a mixture of the herbicides Sanson 40 SC® (a.i. nicosulfuron; dose: 30 g.ha–1) + Gesaprim 500 Ciba-Geigy® (a.i. atrazine; dose: 1500 g.ha–1) in the laboratory.Results: The parasitism rate (%) of Trichogramma acacioi Brun, Moraes & Soares, Trichogrammatoidea annulata de Santis, Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, Trichogramma bennetti Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, Trichogramma brunni Nagaraja, Trichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead, Trichogramma demoraesi Nagaraja, Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, and Trichogramma soaresi Nagaraja was lower with the herbicide mixture of nicosulfuron + atrazine than the control and, therefore, this mixture was considered to be slightly harmful (i.e., class II of the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control) to these parasitoids. This solution reduced the emergence rate (%) of female T. acacioi, T. annulata, T. atopovirilia, T. bruni, T. brasiliensis, T. demoraesi, T. galloi, and T. soaresi, being classified as harmless to T. soaresi, moderately harmful to T. galloi and slightly harmful to the other species. The herbicide mixture of nicosulfuron + atrazine reduced the sex ratio of T. acacioi, T. atopovirilia, T. bruni, T. demoraesi, T. galloi, and T. soaresi, being classified as harmless to T. annulata and T. brasiliensis, and slightly harmful to the other species.Conclusions: The biological parameters (i.e., rates of parasitism and emergence and the sex ratio) of T. pretiosum, followed by T. bennetti, T. annulata and T. brasiliensis were the least affected by the herbicide mixture. These species should be chosen for release, on pieces of paperboard with parasitized E. kuehniella eggs, in crops together with the application of nicosulfuron + atrazine.

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“…High dosages applied in the field, amount and type of active ingredient present, salts and adjuvants of the formulation and synergistic effects of the product mixture could be cited as cytotoxic factors for insects and inherent to herbicides (Menezes et al, 2012b;Leite et al, 2015). Herbicide molecules could still affect the insects' physiology, causing oxidative stress by acting as strong reducing agents.…”

Section: (A) (B) (C) (D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Ingestion of Isoxaflutole Herbicide Affect the Midgut and Salivary Glands of Pentatomidae Predators?

et al. 2016

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-Podisus nigrispinus is a generalist predator naturally occurring in agricultural and forestry systems that effectively contributes to the population balance of phytophagous insects, especially defoliating caterpillars. Histological changes were evaluated in the salivary glands and midgut of P. nigrispinus caused by ingestion of systemic herbicide isoxaflutole. These predator females were fed with leaves of eucalyptus plants, Tenebrio molitor pupae or water, contaminated or not by herbicide. Salivary glands and midguts were dissected, processed and analyzed under a light microscope. Activity level and cell morphology of the salivary glands and midgut showed differences among insects fed on plants, contaminated water or pupae. The epithelia of the salivary gland and midgut of individuals which had no contact with the herbicide showed homogeneous cytoplasm, nucleus with predominance of decondensed chromatin and evident nucleoli, intense cell activity features. As for the insects in contact with contaminated food, they presented undeveloped nucleus and condensed chromatin. The luminal contents of the salivary glands in the contaminated insects had become more acidophilus than in insects without poisoning, as well as having heterogeneous and granular secretion, being more evident in the bioassay in which the insects fed on contaminated water. There was a marked morphological change in the midgut cells in contaminated insects. High degree of apoptosis, disorganization and secretory vacuoles in the epithelial cytoplasm were observed. The apical portion of the midgut cells proved undeveloped, irregular and partially destroyed. It is concluded that isoxaflutole causes morphological changes in the digestive system of the predator P. nigrispinus.Keywords: biological control, cell apoptosis, digestive system, morphological change, Podisus nigrispinus. RESUMO -Podisus nigrispinus é um predador generalista de ocorrência natural em sistemas agrícolas e florestais que contribui de forma efetiva para o equilíbrio populacional dos insetos fitófagos, principalmente lagartas desfolhadoras. Avaliaram-se alterações histológicas nas glândulas salivares e no intestino médio de P. nigrispinus causadas após ingestão do herbicida sistêmico isoxaflutole. Fêmeas desse predador foram alimentadas com folhas de plantas de eucalipto, pupas de Tenebrio molitor ou água, contaminados ou não pelo herbicida. As glândulas salivares e o intestino médio foram dissecados, processados e analisados em microscópio de luz. O nível de atividade e a morfologia celular das glândulas salivares e do intestino médio apresentaram diferenças conforme a alimentação. Os epitélios da glândula salivar e do intestino médio de indivíduos que não tiveram contato com o herbicida apresentaram o citoplasma homogêneo, núcleos com predomínio de cromatina descondensada e nucléolos evidentes. Já os insetos que tiveram contato com o herbicida apresentaram

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Effects of Atrazine-Based Herbicide on Emergence and Sex Ratio of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera)

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Selectivity of registered pesticides for the corn crop on immature stages of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Selectivity of registered pesticides for the corn crop on immature stages of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

High Tolerance of Trichogramma Pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to the Mixture of the Herbicides Nicosulfuron Plus Atrazine

Does the Ingestion of Isoxaflutole Herbicide Affect the Midgut and Salivary Glands of Pentatomidae Predators?

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