Effects of atrazine on egg masses of the yellow-spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and its endosymbiotic alga (Oophila amblystomatis)

Baxter, Leilan; Brain, Richard A.; Hosmer, Alan J.; Nema, Mohini; Müller, Kirsten M.; Solomon, Keith R.; Hanson, Mark L.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.017

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…use of formulated product, lack of analytical confirmation, malfunction of growth chambers) that characterized the previous work by Olivier and Moon (2010). Baxter et al (2015) reported no observed statistically significant changes in stage, length, hatch success, and cumulative hatch at any exposure of atrazine tested. Additionally, Baxter et al (2015) isolated the endosymbiotic algae (Oophila spp.)…”

Section: Hatching Of Eggs In Fish and Amphibiansmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Baxter et al (2015) reported no observed statistically significant changes in stage, length, hatch success, and cumulative hatch at any exposure of atrazine tested. Additionally, Baxter et al (2015) isolated the endosymbiotic algae (Oophila spp.) from an egg mass and tested the response of the algae alone to atrazine.…”

Section: Hatching Of Eggs In Fish and Amphibiansmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In the course of the analysis, two papers overlooked during the development of the original WoE assessment were identified and analyzed. In the end, the papers included in the QWoE update are: (Chang et al 2005;Hecker et al 2005;Svartz et al 2012;Ghodageri and Katti 2013;Olker 2014;Shenoy 2014;Baxter et al 2015;Chen et al 2015;Sai et al 2015Sai et al , 2018Syngenta 2015Syngenta , 2017aSyngenta , 2017bVan Der Kraak et al 2015;Wirbisky and Freeman 2015;dos Santos Mendonc¸a et al 2016;Ehrsam et al 2016;Gustafson et al 2016;Khan et al 2016aKhan et al , 2016bKhan et al , 2016cLiu et al 2016;Richter et al 2016;Russart and Rhen 2016;Tulaby Dezfuly and Mohammadian 2016;Wirbisky et al 2016aWirbisky et al , 2016bWirbisky et al , 2016cD'Angelo and Freeman 2017;Du Gas et al 2017;Hoskins et al 2017;Jones et al 2017;Khalil et al 2017;Kirsten et al 2017;McMahon et al 2017;Persch et al 2017;Scott et al 2017;Shukla et al 2017;Snyder et al 2017;Wang et al 2017;…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A laboratory study characterized the response of the yellow-spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) exposed to atrazine from the egg to hatch (upwards of 66 d of exposure) (Baxter et al 2015). This salamander has a unique endosymbiotic relationship with a green alga (Oophila amblystomatis) whereby the algae colonize the individual salamander eggs, enhancing overall hatching rate of the host salamander (see Kerney 2011).…”

Section: Hatching Of Eggs In Fish and Amphibiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one study reported new data on the time to hatch for amphibians. Baxter et al (2015) characterized the response of the yellow-spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) exposed to atrazine as whole egg masses till hatch over a range of concentrations (0, 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 lg/L) following upwards of 66 d of exposure. They reported no significant change in the days to hatch for A. maculatum at any of the tested exposures.…”

Section: Time To Hatching In Amphibiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of atrazine on fish, amphibians, and reptiles: update of the analysis based on quantitative weight of evidence

Hanson

Solomon

Kraak

et al. 2019

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Quantitative weight of evidence (QWoE) provides a framework and process for evaluating different toxicological studies based on quality and relevance of the results. This framework allows for data from these studies to be combined in separate lines of evidence to address causality, and relevance to environmental risks. In 2014, such a QWoE that examined the body of available company reports and peer reviewed literature regarding the effects of the herbicide atrazine on fish, amphibians, and reptiles was published. Since that time, new studies have been conducted and/or published. One of the advantages of the QWoE framework is that additional information can be added as it becomes available. Thus, these new studies were evaluated in the same manner as previously and the new data incorporated into the existing QWoE. As before, the new updated QWoE was based on the same process of objective scoring of individual studies with respect to the quality of the methods and the relevance of individual responses to the apical endpoints of survival, growth, development, and reproduction. These new data did not identify new responses or indicate any relevant effects of atrazine. The new updated QWoE analysis concluded that atrazine does not adversely affect fish, amphibians, and reptiles, at environmentally relevant concentrations (<100 mg atrazine/L), which is consistent with the previous conclusions. These new studies and data are discussed in this paper and the accompanying supplement information provides detailed and transparent information to support these conclusions.

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Section: Hatching Of Eggs In Fish and Amphibiansmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Hatching Of Eggs In Fish and Amphibiansmentioning

confidence: 88%