Effects of attention and arousal on visually evoked cortical potentials and reaction time in man

Eason, Robert G.; Harter, M. Russell; White, Cameron

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(69)90176-0

Cited by 325 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…The sensory-evoked PI and N I ERP components have been shown to be larger for stimuli presented in attended spatial locations than in unattended spatial locations (e.g., Eason, 1981;Eason, Harter, & White, 1969;Heinze, Luck, Mangun, & Hillyard, 1990;Heinze, Luck, et aI., 1994;Van Voorhis & Hillyard, 1977; for reviews, see Mangun, 1995;Mangun & Hillyard, 1995). Subsequent research combining ERPs and functional neuroimaging have localized the generators of the PI and N 1 to extrastriate visual cortex, suggesting a relatively early locus of spatial attention effects in visual processing (Clark, Fan, & Hillyard, 1995;Clark & Hillyard, 1996;Heinze, Mangun, et aI., 1994;Mangun, Hopfinger, Kussmaul, Fletcher, & Heinze, 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and spatial selection: Electrophysiological evidence for modulation by perceptual load

Handy

Mangun

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

174

132

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Behavioral data have suggested that perceptual load can modulate spatial selection by influencing the allocation of attentional resources at perceptual-level processing stages (Lavie& Tsal, 1994). To directly test this hypothesis, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded for both low-and highperceptual-load targets in a probabilistic spatial cuing paradigm. The results from three experiments showed that, as measured by the lateral occipital PI and Nl ERP components, the magnitude of spatially selective processing in extrastriate visual cortex increased with perceptual load. Furthermore, these effects on spatial selection were found in the PI at lower levels of perceptual load than in the Nl. The ERP data thus provide direct electrophysiological support for proposals that link perceptual load to early spatial selection in visual processing. However, our findings suggest a relatively broader model-where perceptual load is but one of many factors mediating early selection.By modulating the flow of sensory information in the brain, selective attention serves as the arbiter between perception and action in the natural environment (e.g., Cowan, 1995;Desimone & Duncan, 1995;LaBerge, 1995;Pashler, 1998). In vision, selection can occur within a spatial frame of reference, with stimuli in attended spatial locations receiving preferential processing relative to stimuli occurring in unattended spatial locations (e.g., Naatanen, 1992). For example, manual responses to nonfoveal visual targets are quicker and more accurate when the target is presented at an attended visual field location than when the target is presented at an unattended visual field location (e.g.,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and spatial selection: Electrophysiological evidence for modulation by perceptual load

Handy

Mangun

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

174

132

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“…Humans or animals react rapidly in a vigilant state (1)(2)(3). The vigilance level of animals (also humans) varies with brain state, which can be characterized by the patterns of population activities measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) and local field potential (LFP) (4,5).…”

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Cumulative latency advance underlies fast visual processing in desynchronized brain state

Wang

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Fast sensory processing is vital for the animal to efficiently respond to the changing environment. This is usually achieved when the animal is vigilant, as reflected by cortical desynchronization. However, the neural substrate for such fast processing remains unclear. Here, we report that neurons in rat primary visual cortex (V1) exhibited shorter response latency in the desynchronized state than in the synchronized state. In vivo whole-cell recording from the same V1 neurons undergoing the two states showed that both the resting and visually evoked conductances were higher in the desynchronized state. Such conductance increases of single V1 neurons shorten the response latency by elevating the membrane potential closer to the firing threshold and reducing the membrane time constant, but the effects only account for a small fraction of the observed latency advance. Simultaneous recordings in lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and V1 revealed that LGN neurons also exhibited latency advance, with a degree smaller than that of V1 neurons. Furthermore, latency advance in V1 increased across successive cortical layers. Thus, latency advance accumulates along various stages of the visual pathway, likely due to a global increase of membrane conductance in the desynchronized state. This cumulative effect may lead to a dramatic shortening of response latency for neurons in higher visual cortex and play a critical role in fast processing for vigilant animals.state-dependent temporal processing | synaptic inputs | hierarchical accumulation F ast reaction is essential for the survival of animals, such as when detecting and fleeing a predator. Humans or animals react rapidly in a vigilant state (1-3). The vigilance level of animals (also humans) varies with brain state, which can be characterized by the patterns of population activities measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) and local field potential (LFP) (4, 5). Although brain state exhibits diverse activity patterns, it can be broadly classified into a desynchronized state dominated by small-amplitude, high-frequency activities, and a synchronized state dominated by large-amplitude, low-frequency fluctuations (4, 5). The brain operates in the desynchronized state when the animal is alert or vigilant, whereas it operates in the synchronized state when the animal is quiescent or drowsy (4, 5). To understand the neural substrate for fast processing in the vigilant state, it is important to compare response latencies in the two brain states for sensory cortical neurons, which are at the initial stage along the sensorimotor pathway.Brain state has a dominant impact on both resting properties (6, 7) and sensory evoked responses (4, 8, 9) of cortical neurons. For the visual system, although brain state or behavioral state can modulate response amplitude, spatial receptive field, and temporal frequency tuning of the neurons in the early visual pathway (10-13), it is not clear whether brain state can modulate response latency of primary visual cortex (V1) neurons. Furthermore, the ...

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“…Later components of the AER, especially after 200 msec, change more than earlier ones as a function of attention (see Hillyard et al, 1973, for recent references), arousal (Eason et al, 1969), habituation (Roth, 1973), and expectancy (Buchsbaum et al, 1974a;Tueting et al, 1971). We might, therefore, expect greater experiential effects with late components.…”

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confidence: 99%

Average evoked response and stimulus intensity in identical and fraternal twins

Buchsbaum¹

1974

Psychobiology

133

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A group of 30 monozygotic (MZ) and 30 dizygotic (DZ) adult twins were studied using visual and auditory average evoked response (AER) techniques. Vertex evoked responses were found to show very great similarity in MZ twin pairs and little similarity in DZ twin pairs. Greater heritability of positive than of negative components and a heritability of AER parameters of change with stimulus intensity suggest a functional neurophysiological, rather than a simple anatomic source, of the AER twin similarities.

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Effects of attention and arousal on visually evoked cortical potentials and reaction time in man

Cited by 325 publications

References 12 publications

Attention and spatial selection: Electrophysiological evidence for modulation by perceptual load

Attention and spatial selection: Electrophysiological evidence for modulation by perceptual load

Cumulative latency advance underlies fast visual processing in desynchronized brain state

Average evoked response and stimulus intensity in identical and fraternal twins

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