Effects of aversive odour presentation on inhibitory control in the Stroop colour-word interference task

Finkelmeyer, Andreas; Kellermann, Thilo; Bude, Daniela; Nießen, T.; Schwenzer, Michael; Mathiak, Klaus; Reske, Martina

doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-131

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A novel finding was that odors affected emotional arousal ratings in an interactive way; specifically, the rated arousal of happy faces was lower in the unpleasant odor condition compared to the pleasant odor condition, perhaps suggesting an olfactory inhibition of incongruent emotional signals from the face stimuli. Such effects have been found for aversive odors in the Stroop task ( Finkelmeyer et al, 2010 ). Our work partly replicates previous research findings for arousal ratings, such as Cook et al (2017) , however, this effect was not significant for disgusted expressions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Background Odors Modulate N170 ERP Component and Perception of Emotional Facial Stimuli

et al. 2018

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Successful social interaction relies on the accurate decoding of other peoples’ emotional signals, and their contextual integration. However, little is known about how contextual odors may lead to modulation of cortical processing in response to facial expressions. We investigated how unpleasant and pleasant contextual background odors affected emotion perception and cortical event-related potential (ERP) responses to pictures of faces expressing happy, neutral and disgusted facial expressions. Faces were, regardless of expression, rated more positively in the pleasant odor condition and more negatively in the unpleasant odor condition. Faces were overall rated as more emotionally arousing in the presence of an odor, irrespective of its valence. Contextual odors also interacted with facial expressions, such that happy faces were rated as especially non-arousing in the unpleasant odor condition. The early, face-sensitive N170 ERP component also displayed an interaction effect. Here, disgusted faces were affected by the odor context such that the N170 revealed a relatively larger negativity in the context of a pleasant odor compared with an unpleasant odor. There were no odor effects on the responses to faces in other measured ERP components (P1, VPP, P2, and LPP). These results suggest that odors bias socioemotional perception early stages of the visual processing stream. However, effects may vary across emotional expressions and measurements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Background Odors Modulate N170 ERP Component and Perception of Emotional Facial Stimuli

et al. 2018

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“…The current results suggest that these ORs may be related to anti-fatigue effects. Finkelmeyer et al [ 49 ] reported that the presentation of the neutral odorant had no effect on task performance and an aversive odorant condition which induces negative emotional state was found to reduce the reaction times for incongruent stimuli of the Stroop color-word interference task only in comparison with an air control condition. The authors concluded that this difference was observed because participants experienced temporary positive emotion (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the olfactory system in the induction of anti-fatigue effects by odorants

Saito¹,

Yamano²,

Ishii³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Some components of the neural circuits underlying innate odor-evoked responses have recently been elucidated. Odor information detected by the olfactory receptors is transmitted from the olfactory bulb to the cortical amygdala, where physiological and emotional states such as attraction or avoidance are controlled. Thus, activation of specific olfactory receptors can elicit changes in physiological and/or psychological state. Here, we examined on the odorant Hex-Hex Mix, which has been reported to induce anti-fatigue effects. Fatigue is a prevalent condition that is often related to overwork and psychological stress. Various anti-fatigue treatments have been developed, including supplements and odorants. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-fatigue effects of these substances are currently unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the involvement of the olfactory system in the mechanisms underlying this effect. We identified the human olfactory receptors activated by Hex-Hex Mix, and evaluated whether activation of these olfactory receptors by a newly developed odorant elicited a similar anti-fatigue effect to Hex-Hex Mix. We assessed anti-fatigue effects with behavioral tests, and 17 healthy males performed the 2-back test as a fatigue-inducing task with or without exposure to the new odorant. Immediately before and after the task, participants performed a cognitive task to evaluate their level of mental fatigue. We found that the difference value of the correct response rate on the cognitive task in the evaluation session was significantly different between in the odorant condition and in the without-odorant condition during the fatigue-inducing session suggesting that the new odorant may improve performance in the fatigue-inducing condition. The results indicated that the new odorant activates the same olfactory receptors as Hex-Hex Mix, which has been reported to induce anti-fatigue effects. Our findings suggest that the olfactory receptors in the olfactory system may be involved in the attenuation of fatigue.

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“…According to previous studies (Delplanque et al, 2017;Seubert et al, 2017), olfactory stimuli could induce a positive (or negative) emotional state. Colognes could induce a positive emotional state (Schiffman et al, 1995), whereas hydrogen sulfide might induce an unpleasant one (Finkelmeyer et al, 2010). In addition, citrus coniferous scents usually make people feel tense and hostile, whereas floral woody scents usually make people feel relaxed (Retiveau et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-Related Brain Potentials Associated With the Olfactory-Visual Stroop Effect and Its Modulation by Olfactory-Induced Emotional States

Dupuis-Roy

Jun

et al. 2020

Front. Psychol.

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This study investigated the event-related brain potentials associated with the olfactoryvisual cross-modal Stroop effect and its modulation by olfactory-induced and selfreported affective states. Eighteen healthy participants were presented with an olfactory stimulus and the image of a plant, and they had to categorize the olfactory attribute of the image as "aromatic" or "pungent" by pressing the relevant button as quickly as possible. The type of olfactory-visual stimuli (congruent or incongruent) and the valence of the olfactory-induced emotional states (positive or negative) were manipulated following a 2 × 2 factorial design. Interference effects were observed at the behavioral and the electrophysiological levels: response times recorded in the incongruent condition were higher than those observed in the congruent condition; an incongruent minus congruent negative difference component was discovered between 350 and 550 ms after stimulus onset in the negative-but not in the positive-olfactory-induced emotional state condition. This ND350-550 component was interpreted as reflecting the amount of selective attention involved in the olfactory-visual cross-modal Stroop effect. These results are also consistent with a facilitatory effect of positive emotional state on selective attention which could reduce brain potentials associated with the cross-modal interference effect.

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Effects of aversive odour presentation on inhibitory control in the Stroop colour-word interference task

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Background Odors Modulate N170 ERP Component and Perception of Emotional Facial Stimuli

Background Odors Modulate N170 ERP Component and Perception of Emotional Facial Stimuli

Involvement of the olfactory system in the induction of anti-fatigue effects by odorants

Event-Related Brain Potentials Associated With the Olfactory-Visual Stroop Effect and Its Modulation by Olfactory-Induced Emotional States

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