Effects of Bacillus subtilis and coccidiosis vaccine on growth indices and intestinal microbiota of broilers

Cai, Hao; Luo, Shengjun; zhou, Qingfeng; Zhang, Yan; Liu, Weiqi; Zhang, Kang; Liao, Shenquan; Li, Juan; Lv, Minna; Lin, Xuhui; Hu, Junjing; Yu, Shuxun; Zhang, Jianfei; Qi, Nanshan; Sun, Mingfei

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2022.102091

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Initially, we discovered a cause-and-effect relationship between contracting the flu and a rise in the prevalence of Bacilli class. The findings align with others’ results [ 24 , 26 , 27 ]. For instance, Zhang et al [ 26 ] on Bacillus subtilis, in which an increased abundance of endogenous B. animalis in the gut of mice enhanced their resistance to influenza.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This MR study identifies Actinobacteria and Clostridia as potentially protective against influenza infection. These two taxa overlap with typical intestinal probiotics involved in SCFA metabolism, such as bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, Clostridium orbiscindens, and butyricum [6,[23][24][25]. Notably, the MR analysis indicates that Clostridium not only exhibits potential protective effects against influenza infection but also demonstrates potential protective effects against influenza pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The results are consistent with previous studies indicating that influenza infection could impact the quantity of gut microbiota [ 9 , 10 ]. Moreover, the metabolism of SCFAs is influenced by all three of these microbiota [ 6 , 24 , 25 ], suggesting that changes in the abundance of certain gut microbiota due to influenza infection could potentially impact SCFA metabolism [ 24 , 25 ]. Nevertheless, additional examination is necessary to comprehend the influence of influenza infection on particular gut microbiota, along with the mechanisms and consequences of SCFA metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between gut microbiota and influenza: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study

Xu,

Gan,

Tao

et al. 2023

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Previous observational studies have indicated a correlation between the gut microbiota and influenza; however, the exact nature of the bidirectional causal connection remains uncertain. Method A two-way, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to evaluate the possible causal connection between the gut microbiota and the two outcomes of influenza (pneumonia without influenza and influenza pneumonia). The statistical analysis of gut microbiota is derived from the information of the most extensive meta-analysis (GWAS) conducted by the MiBioGen Alliance, encompassing a sample size of 18,340.The summary statistical data for influenza (not pneumonia, n = 291,090) and influenza pneumonia (n = 342,499) are from GWAS data published by FinnGen consortium R8.Estimate and summarize Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and Weighted median (WM) in bidirectional MR analysis. To assess the heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability of SNPs, we employed Cochran’s Q test, MR Egger intercept test, and sensitivity analysis. Result The IVW analysis indicated that there was a significant association between influenza infection and five bacterial taxa. Additionally, the abundance changes of seven gut microbiota were found to be causally related to influenza infection. In addition, seven bacterial taxa showed a significant association with the occurrence of influenza pneumonia. The findings from the WM analysis largely support the outcomes of IVW, however, the results of MR egger analysis do not align with IVW. Furthermore, there is no proof to substantiate the cause-and-effect relationship between influenza pneumonia and the composition of gut microbiota. Conclusion This analysis demonstrates a possible bidirectional causal connection between the prevalence of particular gut microbiota and the occurrence of influenza infection. The presence of certain gut microbiota may potentially contribute to the development of pneumonia caused by influenza. Additional investigation into the interaction between particular bacterial communities and influenza can enhance efforts in preventing, monitoring, and treating influenza.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between gut microbiota and influenza: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study

Xu,

Gan,

Tao

et al. 2023

BMC Infect Dis

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“…The addition of Bacillus subtilis spores to an intramuscular vaccine formulation of inactivated avian influenza virus resulted in enhanced H9N2 virus-specific antibody(IgG) responses [ 33 ]. The combined use of Bacillus subtilis and the live coccidiosis vaccine could enhance the efficacy of the live coccidiosis vaccine, prevent poultry coccidiosis, improve broiler production, and prevent Eimeria infection [ 34 ]. A new vaccine using Enterococcus faecium as a bacterial vector carrying oral influenza antigens induced antigen-specific antibodies and protected mice from lethal H1N1 infection [ 35 ].…”

Section: Targeting the Gut Microbiota To Modulate Vaccine Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent five-year progress in the impact of gut microbiota on vaccination and possible mechanisms

Huang¹,

Wang²,

Li³

2023

Gut Pathog

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Vaccine is the most effective way to prevent the spread of communicable diseases, but the immune response induced by it varies greatly between individuals and populations in different regions of the world. Current studies have identified the composition and function of the gut microbiota as key factors in modulating the immune response to vaccination. This article mainly reviews the differences in gut microbiota among different groups of vaccinated people and animals, explores the possible mechanism of vaccine immunity affected by gut microbiota, and reviews the strategies for targeting gut microbiota to improve vaccine efficacy.

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“…Furthermore, these discrepancies can be explained by MAGs with association with performance that were differentiated among groups. increase in Romboutsia has also been noted in broilers given Bacillus subtilis and a coccidiosis vaccine [82] and reported to also negatively impact performance of breeder broilers [83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of commercial gut health interventions on caecal metagenome and broiler performance

Pangga,

Star-Shirko,

Psifidi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Maintaining gut health is a persistent and unresolved challenge in the poultry industry. Given the critical role of gut health in chicken performance and welfare, there is a pressing need to identify effective gut health intervention (GHI) strategies to ensure optimal outcomes in poultry farming. In this study, across three broiler production cycles, we compared the metagenomes and performance of broilers provided with ionophores as control against birds subjected to five different GHI combinations involving vaccination, probiotics, prebiotics, essential oils, and reduction of ionophore use. Using a binning strategy, 84 (≥75% completeness, ≤ 5% contamination) metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 118 caecal samples were recovered and annotated for their metabolic potential. The majority of these (n = 52, 61%) had a differential response across all cohorts and are associated with the performance parameter - European Poultry Efficiency Factor (EPEF). The control group exhibited the highest EPEF, followed closely by the cohort where probiotics are used in conjunction with vaccination. The use of Probiotics B, a commercial Bacillus strain-based formulation, was determined to contribute to the superior performance of birds. GHI supplementation generally affected abundance of microbial enzymes relating to carbohydrate and protein digestion, and metabolic pathways relating to energy, nucleotide synthesis, short-chain fatty acid synthesis, and drug-transport systems. These shifts are hypothesised to differentiate performance among groups and cycles, highlighting the beneficial role of several bacteria including Rikenella microfusus and UBA7160 species. All GHIs are shown to be effective methods for gut microbial modulation, with varying influences on MAG diversity, composition and microbial functions. These metagenomic insights greatly enhance our understanding of microbiota-related metabolic pathways, enabling us to devise strategies against enteric pathogens related to poultry products and presenting new opportunities to improve overall poultry performance and health.

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Effects of Bacillus subtilis and coccidiosis vaccine on growth indices and intestinal microbiota of broilers

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Association between gut microbiota and influenza: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study

Association between gut microbiota and influenza: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study

Recent five-year progress in the impact of gut microbiota on vaccination and possible mechanisms

Impact of commercial gut health interventions on caecal metagenome and broiler performance

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