Effects of backpack weight on the performance of basic short-term/working memory tasks during flat-surface standing

Son, Minseok; Hyun, Soomin; Beck, Donghyun; Jung, Jaemoon; Park, Woojin

doi:10.1080/00140139.2019.1576924

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Marksmanship has been reported to decrease significantly after prolonged (45 min) load carrying at 40% BM compared to the unloaded condition [ 69 ]; shorter carriages also have a significant effect on performance in this sense: differences in marksmanship before and after a 3km walk-test were found to be due to both marching effort and load carriage; in particular, decreases in shooting accuracy was proportional to the load carried [ 72 , 73 ]. These results are consistent with those previously reported [ 3 ], suggesting that fatigue plays a major role in shooting accuracy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Backpacks on Ergonomics: Biomechanical and Physiological Effects: A Narrative Review

Genitrini

Dotti

Bianca

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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(1) Background: the effects of load carriage packs on human gait biomechanics, physiology and metabolism depend on the weight carried, the design of the pack and its interaction with the user. (2) Methods: An extensive search in the PubMed database was performed to find all the relevant articles using the following keywords: backpack, rucksack, backpack ergonomy and sports backpack; 60 articles were included. (3) Results and significance: Double pack (DP) and T-pack (TP) designs are recommended solutions for school children, compared with backpacks (BP). For soldiers and hikers, a backpack remains the best compromise. A hip belt is recommended for BPs as well as for the back of DPs. Shorter and stiffer shoulder straps combined with a higher and tighter load placement on the back provide the best combination in terms of balance, muscle activation and energy expenditure. It is, therefore, possible to determine guidelines for designing the optimal load carriage system, depending on the application. (4) Conclusions: based on the available evidence, DP and TP are advantageous in terms of posture. DP is better than conventional BPs in terms of balance and muscle activation, but has the disadvantage of limited visibility, thermal sensation and obstructed ventilation. In general, it is desirable not to exceed 40% of body mass (BM).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it has been reported that wearing a BP of 15–40% BM with increasing load significantly decreases short-term and working memory compared to the same task in the unloaded conditions [ 73 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Backpacks on Ergonomics: Biomechanical and Physiological Effects: A Narrative Review

Genitrini

Dotti

Bianca

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…This in turn will also enable greater focus to be placed on developing mitigation strategies where the greatest mission impact can be obtained. Furthermore, recent research has demonstrated that the addition of carried load, even during quiet standing, alters cognitive function (Son, Hyun, Beck, Jung, & Park, 2019); highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of it during occupational tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development, and Day-to-Day Variation, of a Military-Specific Auditory N-Back Task and Shoot-/Don’t-Shoot Task

Vine¹,

Coakley²,

Myers³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Soldiers are subjected to physical and psychological stressors which need to be quantified to inform mitigation strategies. This study assessed the inter-day reliability of two bespoke military specific cognitive assessments; a grid reference n-back task (GRNT) and a shoot/don’t-shoot task (SDST). 28 participants completed both tasks whilst seated, across three visits. Twelve participants also completed both tasks whilst walking over a further three visits. Limits of agreement ± 95% confidence intervals, standard error of the mean, and smallest detectable change were calculated to assess reliability. All performance parameters within the GRNT and SDST demonstrated no difference for visit in either condition (p <0.05). For seated conditions mean smallest detectable change for total correct responses was 7.3% for the SDST and 20.6% for the GRNT. Collectively, the data demonstrate that the GRNT and SDST are reliable and expedient military specific cognitive assessments, capable of completion during seated or walking conditions.

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“…Such reductions in physical demands could have contributed to the observed improvements in the computer work task performance. Multiple previous research studies have shown that during a multitask consisting of a physical and a mental task, reducing the physical workload can improve the performance of the mental task [66]- [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Factors Evaluation of an Ambient Display for Real-Time Posture Feedback to Sedentary Workers

2020

Self Cite

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While multiple previous studies have proposed utilizing an ambient display for providing real-time posture feedback to seated computer workers, it is not well understood how effective ambient feedback is in supporting the users' dual task of computer work and posture monitoring/rectification. The objective of the current study was to evaluate an ambient display for real-time posture feedback in comparison with typical conditions, an on-screen display and no display condition, in terms of the dual task performance. The ambient and the on-screen display were also compared in terms of perceived detection efficiency and user acceptance measures. A total of 24 participants performed the dual task in each of the three display conditions (the ambient, on-screen and no display conditions). The dependent measures for the dual task performance were the number of typed answers and the occurrence rate of high-risk postures; and, for the subjective evaluation, two detection efficiency measures (visibility and understandability) and four user acceptance measures (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, attitude toward using technology and social influence) were employed. The study demonstrated that both the ambient and the onscreen displays enhanced the dual task performance with respect to the no-display condition and the ambient display was superior to the on-screen display in the subjective experience measures.

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Effects of backpack weight on the performance of basic short-term/working memory tasks during flat-surface standing

Cited by 9 publications

References 149 publications

Impact of Backpacks on Ergonomics: Biomechanical and Physiological Effects: A Narrative Review

Impact of Backpacks on Ergonomics: Biomechanical and Physiological Effects: A Narrative Review

The Development, and Day-to-Day Variation, of a Military-Specific Auditory N-Back Task and Shoot-/Don’t-Shoot Task

Human Factors Evaluation of an Ambient Display for Real-Time Posture Feedback to Sedentary Workers

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