Effects of ball milling and load on transfer film formation of copper-based composites

Li, Rongrong; Yin, Yanguo; Zhang, Kaiyuan; Song, Ruhong; Chen, Qi

doi:10.1108/ilt-04-2022-0119

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Anti-seize films (secondary structures) as dissipative structures are complex, dynamically changing formations on the composite and counterface surfaces, developing according to the bifurcation mechanism [6,7,9]. Due to self-organization, such structures can stay in one of two relatively longterm states, in other words, in one of two attractors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tribosynthesis of friction films and their influence on the functional properties of copper-based antifriction composites for printing machines

Olaleye

Роїк

Kurzawa

et al. 2022

Materials Science-Poland

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This article is devoted to research of the tribosynthesis mechanism of antifriction films and their influence on the functional properties of antifriction composites based on copper alloyed with nickel and molybdenum with the CaF2 solid lubricant additions for operation at rotation speeds of 3,000–7,000 rph and increased loads of 3.0–5.0 MPa in air. Studies have shown that antifriction films are complex, dynamically changing formations on the surfaces of the composite and counterface, developing according to the bifurcation mechanism. The antifriction layer is decisive in the formation of the friction pair's tribological high-level properties, which provide the self-lubrication mode of the friction unit. The formation and permanent presence of the anti-seize film is associated with a balanced wear rate of the film and its constant formation again on these worn areas at rotation speeds of up to 7,000 rph and loads of up to 5.0 MPa. Due to the steady self-lubrication mechanism, the copper-based composite has significant advantages over cast bronze CuSn5ZnPb, which can only work with liquid lubrication in the friction units of printing machines. The performed studies make it possible to choose rational modes for operation of new high-speed antifriction Cu-composites based on the friction films analysis, predicting their high functional properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid lubrication is frequently used in copper composites [1,3,4]. Other composites contain solid lubricants like MoS 2 , Pb, Sn, Bi, or graphite (or its allotropic derivatives) [5][6][7][8]. Such composites can function in self-lubrication mode at higher speeds but with lower loads thanks to the solid lubricant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribosynthesis of friction films and their influence on the functional properties of copper-based antifriction composites for printing machines

Olaleye

Роїк

Kurzawa

et al. 2022

Materials Science-Poland

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“…The ball mill speed was 250 r/min, and the machine was stopped for 10 min every 60 min during ball milling to reduce the temperature rise. The ball milling time was set to 3 h with reference to previous research work and related literature (Li et al , 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of FeS/iron-based self-lubricating materials by chemical nickel plating-mechanical alloying

Zheng,

Yin,

et al. 2024

ILT

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of chemical nickel plating and mechanical alloying on the mechanical and tribological properties of FeS/iron-based self-lubricating materials as well as the wear mechanism of the materials. Design/methodology/approach Surface modification of FeS powder was carried out by chemical nickel plating method and mechanical alloying of mixed powder by ball milling. The mechanical properties of the material were tested by tribological testing by M-200 ring block type friction and wear tester. Optical microscope was used to observe the surface morphology of the material and the transfer film on the surface of the mate parts, and scanning electron microscope and EDS were used to characterize the wear surface. Findings Mechanical alloying ball milling was carried out so that the lubricating particles in the matrix are uniformly dispersed; nickel-plated layer enhances the interfacial bonding of FeS and the matrix, and the combination of the two improves the mechanical properties of the material, and at the same time the friction side of the surface of the lubrication of FeS lubricant transfer film formed is denser and more intact, and the friction coefficient of friction side and the wear rate of the material have been greatly reduced. Originality/value This work aims to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of FeS/iron-based self-lubricating materials and to provide a reference for the preparation of materials with excellent overall properties.

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“…Thus, the proper ball–material ratio must be selected during mechanical alloying because it can greatly influence the properties of powders and materials (Wu et al , 2018). Numerous studies have explored the effects of ball-milling speed (Ye et al , 2020) and ball-milling time (Albaaji et al , 2017; Li et al , 2022) on material properties. However, research rarely focused on the ball–material ratio in the mechanical alloying process, which led to a serious lack of understanding of the effects of ball–material ratio on the properties of mixed powders and materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ball–material ratio on Cu-Bi mixed powder and self-lubricating material properties

Liu,

Yin,

2024

ILT

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of ball–material ratio on the properties of mixed powders and Cu-Bi self-lubricating alloy materials. Design/methodology/approach Cu-Bi mixed powder was ball milled at different ball–material ratios, and the preparation of Cu-Bi alloy materials was achieved through powder metallurgy technology. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were conducted to study the microstructure and phase composition of the mixed powder. The apparent density and flow characteristics of mixed powders were investigated using a Hall flowmeter. Tests on the crushing strength, impact toughness and tribological properties of self-lubricating alloy materials were conducted using a universal electronic testing machine, 300 J pendulum impact testing machine and M200 ring-block tribometer, respectively. Findings With the increase in ball–material ratio, the spherical copper matrix particles in the mixed powder became lamellar, the mechanical properties of the material gradually reduced, the friction coefficient of the material first decreased and then stabilized and the wear rate decreased initially and then increased. The increase in the ball–material ratio resulted in the fine network distribution of the Bi phase in the copper alloy matrix, which benefitted its enrichment on the worn surface for the formation a lubricating film and improvement of the material’s tribological performance. However, a large ball–material ratio can excessively weaken the mechanical properties of the material and reduce its wear resistance. Originality/value The effects of ball–material ratio on Cu-Bi mixed powder and material properties were clarified. This work provides a reference for the mechanical alloying process and its engineering applications.

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Effects of ball milling and load on transfer film formation of copper-based composites

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Tribosynthesis of friction films and their influence on the functional properties of copper-based antifriction composites for printing machines

Tribosynthesis of friction films and their influence on the functional properties of copper-based antifriction composites for printing machines

Preparation and properties of FeS/iron-based self-lubricating materials by chemical nickel plating-mechanical alloying

Effect of ball–material ratio on Cu-Bi mixed powder and self-lubricating material properties

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