Effects of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus on Yield and Yield Components of Drilled Winter Wheat

Abstract

Yield reduction in eight soft red winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) in response to barley yellow dwarf (BYDV) infection was evaluated in drilled plots. The experiment was conducted in 1993 and 1994 at the Crop Sciences Research and Education Center of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Cultivars Caldwell, Cardinal, Clark, Howell, IL 87-2834, Tyler, and Pioneer brands 2548 and 2555 were selected for the study based on root system size, yield potential, and adaptation to local growing conditions. Plots were planted with a six-row drill to approximate conditions in growers' fields. A split-plot treatment design was used, with treatments as whole plots, and cultivars as subplots. The three treatments were BYDV-inoculated, natural BYDV infection, and a control (sprayed with Cygon to control naturally occurring aphids). Significant yield reductions in inoculated plots indicated the potential for severe yield loss due to BYDV infection under drilled conditions. The component of yield most severely affected by virus infection was number of kernels per spike. Kernel weight was affected but to a lesser extent than kernels per spike. Tiller number was generally not altered by infection but was positively correlated with yield in infected plots. Since kernels per spike and kernel weight were reduced by BYDV infection, it may be possible to select for tolerant genotypes by identifying lines in which these parameters are least affected by BYD disease pressure.

The virulence–transmission trade-off in vector-borne plant viruses: a review of (non-)existing studies

“…Viral clones differing by only one point mutation present contrasting phenotypes: some studies report a negative correlation between viral accumulation and the dry weight of the host plant (Poulicard et al 2010). For some other viral mutants, higher accumulation is associated with phenotypes ( Jarosz & Davelos 1995;Zaitlin & Hull 2003), it should be remembered that symptoms might not always be a good proxy, especially when host species harbour genes involved in parasite tolerance (Hoffman & Kolb 1998). Even if no general trend arises from results concerning viral mutant genotypes, such studies demonstrate the existence of variation in the relationships between viral accumulation and virulence or symptom severity.…”

Occurrence of dwarf virus of winter wheat and barley in several regions of Slovakiaduring the growing seasons 2001-2004

“…It may be caused by the infection of the plant by the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), the wheat dwarf virus (WDV) or the cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV). These viruses are often cited as limiting factors for cereal producing areas in many European countries (Conti et al 1990, Huth and Lesemann 1994, Hofmann and Kolb 1998, McKirdy et al 2002.…”

Occurrence of cereal viruses on wheat in Tekirdag, Turkey

“…The incidence of virus diseases varies from yr to yr depending on the environmental conditions that favor the vector occurrence and development, susceptibility of the plants and cultural operations in cereal production. The yield losses caused by BYDV infections may reach 9 to 79% depending on the variety of the plants and on infection period (Sutic 1999 (Conti et al 1990;El-Yamani and Hill 1990;Hofmann and Kolb 1998;Rochow 1979). The results obtained in this field experiment were not different from other cereal growing areas.…”

“…Several viruses may affect wheat crops including barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDV-MAV, BYDV-PAV, BYDV-RMV, BYDV-SGV, BYDV-GPV), cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV-RPV), brome mosaic virus (BMV), wheat dwarf virus (WDV), barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (SBWMV), and wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) (Conti et al 1990;Fitzgerald and Stoner 1967;Hofmann and Kolb 1998;Makkouk et al 1990;McKirdy and Jones 1997;McKirdy et al 2002;McNeal et al 1976;Rochow 1969;Sutic 1999). …”