Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on microvascular blood flow in older overweight and obese subjects: a pilot randomised controlled study

Ashor, Ammar W.; Jajja, A.; Sutyarjoko, A.; Brandt, Kirsten; Qadir, O.; Lara, José; Siervo, Mario

doi:10.1038/jhh.2014.114

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Upon the subjects' arrival at the laboratory, a Teflon catheter was inserted into an antecubital vein for infusion and a second cannula was inserted into the dorsal hand vein of the contralateral arm, which was placed in a hot box (60°C) for arterialized blood sampling (1). After baseline blood collection (Ϫ210 min), the plasma phenylalanine, tyrosine, and leucine pools were primed with a single intravenous (priming) dose of Ϫ at 2 h prior to protein ingestion to ensure that the increase in NO 3 Ϫ /NO 2 Ϫ concentrations would correspond with the postprandial increase in plasma amino acid concentrations (58). Blood samples were collected during the infusion at Ϫ120, Ϫ90, Ϫ60, Ϫ30, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 min relative to the intake of the protein drink.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incremental AUC (iAUC), peak value, and time to peak were calculated for all plasma time curves, and differences were determined using an unpaired, two-tailed Student's t-test. Two-way ANOVA with time as the within-group factor and intervention as the between-group factor was used to compare differences over time in plasma glucose, insulin, NO 3 Ϫ , NO 2 Ϫ , amino acid concentrations and enrichments, whole body phenylalanine Ra, and FSR. In case of significant interaction between time and intervention, Bonferroni's post hoc test was applied.…”

Section: And 2 H Isotopes Plasma Isotopic Enrichment Of the T-bdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it has been suggested that NO has a role in promoting insulin delivery to skeletal muscle tissue and increasing insulin-stimulated muscle perfusion and capillary action (22,51). As such, ingestion of a single dose of dietary NO 3 Ϫ might increase endothelial NO availability, thereby increasing blood flow and tissue perfusion and the subsequent muscle anabolic response to food intake. Recently, the acute ingestion of NO 3 Ϫ -rich dietary sources has been shown to improve vascular function (21,23,29,53) and macro-and microvascular blood flow (3,29) in healthy subjects, as well as in overweight individuals and diabetes patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that dietary nitrate (NO 3 Ϫ ) supplementation, via sequential reduction of NO 3 Ϫ to nitrite (NO 2 Ϫ ) and NO, can stimulate NO synthesis and increase NO bioavailability (55). Moreover, it has been suggested that NO has a role in promoting insulin delivery to skeletal muscle tissue and increasing insulin-stimulated muscle perfusion and capillary action (22,51).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, ingestion of a single dose of dietary NO 3 Ϫ might increase endothelial NO availability, thereby increasing blood flow and tissue perfusion and the subsequent muscle anabolic response to food intake. Recently, the acute ingestion of NO 3 Ϫ -rich dietary sources has been shown to improve vascular function (21,23,29,53) and macro-and microvascular blood flow (3,29) in healthy subjects, as well as in overweight individuals and diabetes patients. In support of these findings, pharmacological increases in blood flow and tissue perfusion following administration of a NO-donating vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, combined with amino acid provision have been shown to increase postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in older subjects (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sodium nitrate co-ingestion with protein does not augment postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in older, type 2 diabetes patients

Kouw

Cermak

Burd

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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13 C]leucine-labeled protein with (PRONO3) or without (PRO) sodium nitrate (0.15 mmol/kg). Blood and muscle samples were collected to assess protein digestion and absorption kinetics and postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates. Upon protein ingestion, exogenous phenylalanine appearance rates increased in both groups (P Ͻ 0.001), resulting in 55 Ϯ 2% and 53 Ϯ 2% of dietary protein-derived amino acids becoming available in the circulation over the 5h postprandial period in the PRO and PRONO3 groups, respectively. Postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates based on L-[ring-2 H5]phenylalanine did not differ between groups (0.025 Ϯ 0.004 and 0.021 Ϯ 0.007%/h over 0 -2 h and 0.032 Ϯ 0.004 and 0.030 Ϯ 0.003%/h over 2-5 h in PRO and PRONO3, respectively, P ϭ 0.7). No differences in incorporation of dietary protein-derived L-[1-13 C]phenylalanine into de novo myofibrillar protein were observed at 5 h (0.016 Ϯ 0.002 and 0.014 Ϯ 0.002 mole percent excess in PRO and PRONO3, respectively, P ϭ 0.8). Dietary nitrate co-ingestion with protein does not modulate protein digestion and absorption kinetics, nor does it further increase postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates or the incorporation of dietary protein-derived amino acids into de novo myofibrillar protein in older, type 2 diabetes patients. dietary nitrate; protein ingestion; aging; type 2 diabetes; anabolic resistance AGING IS ASSOCIATED with loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, and results in loss of functional capacity, a higher risk for hospitalization, and development of chronic metabolic diseases (33). Recently, we (20, 31), as well as others (25,35), showed that sarcopenia is more pronounced in older individuals with type 2 diabetes than in age-matched, normoglycemic controls. Since skeletal muscle tissue is a large site of postprandial glucose disposal, it is evident that the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass is often accompanied by an insulin-resistant state (20,31,35).Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is regulated by muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown rates. A chronic imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown rates contributes to the accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging. It has been well established that protein ingestion and the associated increase in postprandial plasma amino acids in the circulation directly increase muscle protein synthesis rates (15,26,34,50). However, the postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis following protein intake is impaired with aging, a phenomenon commonly referred to as anabolic resistance (15). This anabolic resistance to protein intake is considered to be a key factor in the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging. Although the factor(s) underpinning anabolic resistance remains unclear, age-related impairments in endothelium-dependent vasodilation and blood flow in response to nutrient (32) and exercise (19) stimuli are suggested to play a key role.The postprandial muscle protein synthetic re...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: And 2 H Isotopes Plasma Isotopic Enrichment Of the T-bdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium nitrate co-ingestion with protein does not augment postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in older, type 2 diabetes patients

Kouw

Cermak

Burd

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Biological effects of red beetroot and betalains: A review

Hadipour

Taleghani

Tayarani-Najaran

et al. 2020

Phytotherapy Research

104

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Over the past few years, the use of natural substances as protective or therapeutic agents has gained much attention worldwide. Recent modern studies have shown a variety of health benefits for red beetroot and its active compounds betalains (also betanin) such as antioxidative, anti‐inflammation, anticancer, blood pressure and lipid lowering, also antidiabetic and anti‐obesity effects. Betanin, the main component of the red beetroot, is a betalain glycosidic pigment, which is used as a food additive. This review summarizes findings in the literature and shows the therapeutic potential of red beetroot and its active compounds (betalains) as promising alternatives for supplemental therapies in multiple diseases.

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Nitrite and Nitrate as a Treatment for Hypertension

Kapil

2017

Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease

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Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on microvascular blood flow in older overweight and obese subjects: a pilot randomised controlled study

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Sodium nitrate co-ingestion with protein does not augment postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in older, type 2 diabetes patients

Sodium nitrate co-ingestion with protein does not augment postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in older, type 2 diabetes patients

Biological effects of red beetroot and betalains: A review

Nitrite and Nitrate as a Treatment for Hypertension

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