Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride on Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation by Animal Bacterial Pathogens

Ebrahimi, Afshin; Hemati, Majid; Shabanpour, Ziba; Dehkordi, Saeed Habibian; Bahadoran, Shahab; Lotfalian, Sharareh; Khubani, Shahin

doi:10.5812/jjm.16058

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A second issue is the aging of biofilms. Most researchers have investigated the activity of antimicrobial agents against young bacterial biofilms, created over 24 h [ 38 , 43 , 48 ] or 48–72 h [ 49 , 50 ]. Only some studies have used biofilms created over several days [ 32 , 36 , 39 , 51 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action of Monomeric/Gemini Surfactants on Free Cells and Biofilm of Asaia lannensis

2017

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We investigated the biological activity of surfactants based on quaternary ammonium compounds: gemini surfactant hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) (C6), synthesized by the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylamine with 1,6-dibromohexane, and its monomeric analogue dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The experiments were performed with bacteria Asaia lannensis, a common spoilage in the beverage industry. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using the tube standard two-fold dilution method. The growth and adhesive properties of bacterial cells were studied in different culture media, and the cell viability was evaluated using plate count method. Both of the surfactants were effective against the bacterial strain, but the MIC of gemini compound was significantly lower. Both C6 and DTAB exhibited anti-adhesive abilities. Treatment with surfactants at or below MIC value decreased the number of bacterial cells that were able to form biofilm, however, the gemini surfactant was more effective. The used surfactants were also found to be able to eradicate mature biofilms. After 4 h of treatment with C6 surfactant at concentration 10 MIC, the number of bacterial cells was reduced by 91.8%. The results of this study suggest that the antibacterial activity of the gemini compound could make it an effective microbiocide against the spoilage bacteria Asaia sp. in both planktonic and biofilm stages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action of Monomeric/Gemini Surfactants on Free Cells and Biofilm of Asaia lannensis

2017

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“…Ebrahimi et al. showed that benzalkonium chloride at concentrations higher than the MIC have no further effects on growth and biofilm formation of planktonic cells [ 29 ]. Currently, there is limited evidence about biofilm formation and its mechanism at sub-MICs of antimicrobial agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of biocides induced biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Hemati

Kouhsari

Sadeghifard

et al. 2020

New Microbes and New Infections

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It is clear that biofilm formation causes many serious health-care problems. Interestingly, sub minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of some biocides can induce biofilm formation in bacteria. We investigated whether sub-MICs of Savlon, chlorhexidine and deconex®, as biocidal products, can induce biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . To determine MICs and biofilm formation, we performed microtitre plate assays. All three biocides induced biofilm formation at sub-MICs; Savlon was the most successful antiseptic agent to induce biofilm formation among P. aeruginosa isolates. Deconex had the best inhibition effect on planktonic cultures of P. aeruginosa isolates. We concluded that sub-MICs of Savlon and deconex could significantly induce biofilm formation.

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“…Increased rates of replication (Andersson and Hughes 2009 , 2011 ) and mutation (Cortes et al 2008 ; Morero et al 2011 ; Thi et al 2011 ; Gutierrez et al 2013 ; Chow et al 2015 ) have also been evidenced. Moreover, low concentrations contribute to signalling molecules for biofilm formation and gene expression (Andersson and Hughes 2014 ; Aka and Haji 2015 ; Ebrahimi et al 2015 ). As such, sub-lethal concentrations could stimulate the spread of resistance in the environment and increase the likelihood of multi-resistant bacteria through genetic changes (Sandegren 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of minimum selectable concentrations (MSCs) for determining the selection of antimicrobial resistant bacteria

2017

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The use of antimicrobial compounds is indispensable in many industries, especially drinking water production, to eradicate microorganisms. However, bacterial growth is not unusual in the presence of disinfectant concentrations that would be typically lethal, as bacterial populations can develop resistance. The common metric of population resistance has been based on the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), which is based on bacteria lethality. However, sub-lethal concentrations may also select for resistant bacteria due to the differences in bacterial growth rates. This study determined the Minimal Selective Concentrations (MSCs) of bacterial populations exposed to free chlorine and monochloramine, representing a metric that possibly better reflects the selective pressures occurring at lower disinfectant levels than MIC. Pairs of phylogenetically similar bacteria were challenged to a range of concentrations of disinfectants. The MSCs of free chlorine and monochloramine were found to range between 0.021 and 0.39 mg L−1, which were concentrations 1/250 to 1/5 than the MICs of susceptible bacteria (MICsusc). This study indicates that sub-lethal concentrations of disinfectants could result in the selection of resistant bacterial populations, and MSCs would be a more sensitive indicator of selective pressure, especially in environmental systems.

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Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride on Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation by Animal Bacterial Pathogens

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Action of Monomeric/Gemini Surfactants on Free Cells and Biofilm of Asaia lannensis

Action of Monomeric/Gemini Surfactants on Free Cells and Biofilm of Asaia lannensis

Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of biocides induced biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The use of minimum selectable concentrations (MSCs) for determining the selection of antimicrobial resistant bacteria

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