Effects of benzoxazinoids on specialist and generalist<i>Diabrotica</i>species

Alouw, Jelfina C.; Miller, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1111/jen.12194

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The better performance of the specialist D. v. virgifera might be related to its ability to exploit BXDs to find nutritious tissues (Robert et al 2012), while the generalist D. u. howardi is unable to do so. The results from Robert et al (2012) and Alouw and Miller (2015) suggest that D. v. virgifera is tolerant to BXDs and seem to contradict previous studies showing strong antifeedant and toxic effects. It is possible that by feeding on tissues with high nutritional value, D. v. virgifera overcomes the detrimental effects of BXDs, resulting in better overall performance.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Bxdsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The performance of D. v. virgifera was compared to the generalist southern corn rootworm ( Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi ) when feeding on a BXD-deficient mutant with low BXD levels and its parental line with high BXD levels (Alouw and Miller 2015). Survival and developmental time were the same when comparing both maize lines.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Bxdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant defense and herbivore counter-defense: benzoxazinoids and insect herbivores

et al. 2016

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Benzoxazinoids are a class of indole-derived plant chemical defenses comprising compounds with a 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one skeleton and their derivatives. These phytochemicals are widespread in grasses, including important cereal crops such as maize, wheat and rye, as well as a few dicot species, and display a wide range of antifeedant, insecticidal, antimicrobial, and allelopathic activities. Although their overall effects against insect herbivores are frequently reported, much less is known about how their modes of action specifically influence insect physiology. The present review summarizes the biological activities of benzoxazinoids on chewing, piercing-sucking, and root insect herbivores. We show how within-plant distribution modulates the exposure of different herbivore feeding guilds to these defenses, and how benzoxazinoids may act as toxins, feeding deterrents and digestibility-reducing compounds under different conditions. In addition, recent results on the metabolism of benzoxazinoids by insects and their consequences for plant-herbivore interactions are addressed, as well as directions for future research.

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Section: Biological Effects Of Bxdsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Biological Effects Of Bxdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant defense and herbivore counter-defense: benzoxazinoids and insect herbivores

et al. 2016

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“…Bt corn was grown from seeds expressing full‐length Cry3Bb1 Bt ‐protein, Stone 6021VT3 (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO), along with a non‐ Bt near isoline (Stone 6021RR2). The two plant types were grown as described by Alouw and Miller ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Cry3Bb1 resistance and intoxication in western corn rootworm by RNA sequencing

Rault

Siegfried

Gassmann

et al. 2018

J Applied Entomology

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The western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is a major pest of corn that has evolved resistance to transgenic maize that produces insecticidal Cry toxins. The specific mode of action of Cry3Bb1 and mechanism of resistance in WCR are unknown. This study compared gene expression between Cry3Bb1-susceptible and Cry3Bb1-resistant WCR neonates, in the presence and absence of Cry3Bb1. RNA-Seq data were analyzed to identify differentially expressed transcripts between strains of WCR, providing candidate transcripts for resistance to Cry3Bb1. Constitutive and Cry3Bb1-induced differences between strains caused the differential expression of 608 transcripts after 8 hr. Differentially expressed transcripts between strains included ABC transporters, proteases and α-amylases, which known to be receptors or activators of Cry toxins and involved in resistance to Cry toxins in other insects. The response to Cry3Bb1 treatment resulted in approximately 5,000 differentially expressed transcripts in the susceptible strain and included the same annotation categories found between strains but also included metalloproteases, cadherins and signaling proteins. None of these annotations were identified digitalcommons.unl.edu R a u l t e t a l . i n J o u r n a l o f A p p l i e d E n t o m o l o g y ,2 0 1 8 2in the response of the resistant strain to Cry3Bb1, which was represented by only 12 transcripts. Tissue-specific expression analysis of selected transcripts revealed that an α-amylase and a protease were expressed in the midgut, the target organ of Cry toxins. A protease inhibitor and two ABC transporters were expressed outside the midgut, suggesting a limited role in resistance. Numerous polymorphic sites were identified from the RNA-Seq data that showed allele frequency differences between the resistant and susceptible strains. Analysis of these polymorphisms in a larger set WCR strains suggested that the differences were due to genetic drift rather than being associated with resistance to Cry3Bb1. Polymorphisms identified in genes with known roles in resistance to Cry toxins did not appear to differ in frequency between resistant and susceptible strains.

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“…However, this hydroxamic acid is not toxic to WCR larvae and is exploited by this specialized root pest to locate maize roots (Bjostad & Hibbard, ). In another choice assay, fewer WCR neonate larvae were found in maize roots when the roots were treated with MBOA (Xie, Arnason, Philogéne, Atkinson, & Morand, ), suggesting deterrent and antifeedant effects, whereas Abou Fakhr, Hibbard, and Bjostad () and Alouw and Miller () showed no effects of MBOA on WCR. MBOA is a breakdown product from the degradation of more complex benzoxazinoids which can also be used by WCR to locate host roots (Robert, Veyrat, et al., ), whereas above a certain threshold (Davis, Ni, Quisenberry, & Foster, ), this metabolite can be toxic and impair WCR adult emergence (Xiao et al., ).…”

Section: Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Larval Chemical Ecology: Scenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating on a chemical radar: Usage of root exudates by foragingDiabrotica virgifera virgiferalarvae

Schumann

Ladin

Beatens

et al. 2018

J Applied Entomology

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In the darkness of the soil matrix, the larva of the western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte relies on chemical cues to locate and accept its host plant roots. For almost 40 years, entomologists and chemical ecologists have tackled the challenge of isolating and identifying active chemical compounds emitted by host plant roots (most of the research has been conducted on maize Zea mays L.) and used by the foraging insect pest larvae. A number of molecules of interest have been documented but have so far only been implemented with little success in the current arms race to manage WCR (and soil‐dwelling pests). An in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying the insect foraging behaviour is certainly critical to the development of highly effective and sustainable pest control strategies. This contribution reviews the progress and highlights the gaps in our current knowledge on the chemical ecology of WCR larvae. An individual‐based model of the larval behaviour in response to root volatiles has been developed based on data from the literature. It also proposes avenues (tested or theoretical) to eventually implement this knowledge in integrated pest management of this major maize pest, a critical approach as WCR has evolved resistance to several control strategies.

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Effects of benzoxazinoids on specialist and generalistDiabroticaspecies

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Plant defense and herbivore counter-defense: benzoxazinoids and insect herbivores

Plant defense and herbivore counter-defense: benzoxazinoids and insect herbivores

Investigation of Cry3Bb1 resistance and intoxication in western corn rootworm by RNA sequencing

Navigating on a chemical radar: Usage of root exudates by foragingDiabrotica virgifera virgiferalarvae

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