Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on strength and body composition in trained and competitive athletes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Sanchez-Martinez, Javier; Santos‐Lozano, Alejandro; García-Hermoso, António; Sadarangani, Kabir P.; Cristi-Montero, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.11.003

Cited by 34 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, various studies have also questioned the effectiveness of HMB to augment lean mass and performance gains with resistance training in healthy adults [13][14][15][16][17]. Systematic reviews show that about one-third of the studies could not confirm any benefits on strength training-induced effects of HMB on body composition [1,18,19]. Some of the conflicting results might be attributed to study designs and methodological issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined protein and calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate induced gains in leg fat free mass: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

Stahn

Maggioni

Gunga

et al. 2020

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background: The leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is widely used as an ergogenic supplement to increase resistance-training induced gains in fat free mass (FFM) and strength in healthy adults. Recent studies have questioned the effectiveness of HMB, particularly when a high protein diet is habitually consumed. To investigate the additive resistance-training induced effects of HMB and protein in untrained individuals, we conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study that compared the effects of combined protein and HMB supplementation to protein supplementation alone on FFM and muscle strength after 12-week resistance training. Methods: Sixteen healthy men (22 ± 2 yrs) performed a periodized resistance-training program for twelve weeks (four sessions per week). The program comprised two mesocycles, characterized by a linear periodization and nonlinear periodization, respectively, and separated by a 1-week tapering period. All participants received 60 g of whey protein on training days and 30 g of whey protein (WP) on non-training days. Participants were randomly assigned to additionally receive 3 g of calcium HMB (WP + HMB) or a placebo (WP + PLA). Body composition and physical fitness were tested before and after the 12-week training program. Whole-body and arm and leg fat free mass (FFM) were assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy; upper arm and leg fat free cross sectional areas were also quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); upper and lower body strength were measured by Onerepetition maximum (1-RM) bench press and leg press. Results: Whole-body and segmental FFM increased in both groups (P < 0.001). However, gains in leg FFM were higher in WP + HMB vs. WP + PLA (arm FFM: + 6.1% vs. + 9.2%, P = 0.2; leg FFM: + 14.2% vs. + 7.0%, P < 0.01). No change in fat mass was observed (P = 0.59). 1-RM increased in both groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Combined protein and HMB supplementation resulted in segmental, but not whole-body increases in FFM compared to protein supplementation alone. These findings could explain some of the controversial effects of HMB reported in previous studies and have practical implications for maximizing training-induced gains in FFM and clinical conditions associated with skeletal muscle deconditioning such as aging, sedentary lifestyles, bed rest and spaceflight.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined protein and calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate induced gains in leg fat free mass: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

Stahn

Maggioni

Gunga

et al. 2020

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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“…β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a type of amino acid supplement on the market. Due to its beneficial effects on muscle function and protein synthesis [ 2 , 3 ], HMB is fast becoming popular among different athletes as an ergogenic aid [ 4 , 5 ]. HMB is added to many training protocols, with the hopes of an enhanced lean body mass and sports performance [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Effects of Leucine Metabolite (β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate) Supplementation and Resistance Training on Inflammatory Markers: A New Approach to Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Arazi

Taati

2018

Antioxidants

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β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a bioactive metabolite formed from the breakdown of the branched-chain amino acid, leucine. Given the popularity of HMB supplements among different athletes, specifically, those who participate in regular resistance training, this review was performed to summarize current literature on some aspects of HMB supplementation that have received less attention. Because of the small number of published studies, it has not been possible to conclude the exact effects of HMB on cardiovascular parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. Thus, the interpretation of outcomes should be taken cautiously. However, the data presented here suggest that acute HMB supplementation may attenuate the pro-inflammatory response following an intense bout of resistance exercise in athletes. Also, the available findings collectively indicate that chronic HMB consumption with resistance training does not improve cardiovascular risk factors and oxidative stress markers greater than resistance training alone. Taken together, there is clearly a need for further well-designed, long-term studies to support these findings and determine whether HMB supplementation affects the adaptations induced by resistance training associated with the body’s inflammatory condition, antioxidative defense system, and cardiovascular risk factors in humans.

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“…Beta-hydroxy Betamethylbutyrate (HMB): HMB is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine. Manufacturer recommended dosage is 3 g/day (Rowlands & Thomson, 2009;Sanchez-Martinez et al, 2017).…”

Section: Creatine Monohydrate Muscular Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While early research and a meta-analysis concluded that HMB supplementation both increased lean mass and decreased muscle damage (Nissen & Sharp, 2003;Nissen et al, 1996), these conclusions have not stood the test of time. In two meta-analyses, it was concluded that HMB supplementation had inconsequential or trivial effects on strength and fat free mass, especially in trained competitive athletes, and that effects on muscle damage (based on blood creatine kinase levels) were unclear (Rowlands & Thomson, 2009;Sanchez-Martinez et al, 2017). Unfortunately, data on HMB supplementation are discrepant and difficult to interpret due to clustering of data sources (i.e., positive studies from the same/ similar labs) and reliance on nonspecific markers of muscle damage (e.g., creatine kinase) (Decombaz et al, 2003).…”

Section: β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate (Hmb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplements for Health, Adaptation, and Recovery in Athletes

Rawson

Miles

Larson‐Meyer

2018

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

145

101

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Some dietary supplements are recommended to athletes based on data that supports improved exercise performance. Other dietary supplements are not ergogenic per se, but may improve health, adaptation to exercise, or recovery from injury, and so could help athletes to train and/or compete more effectively. In this review, we describe several dietary supplements that may improve health, exercise adaptation, or recovery. Creatine monohydrate may improve recovery from and adaptation to intense training, recovery from periods of injury with extreme inactivity, cognitive processing, and reduce severity of or enhance recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Omega 3-fatty acid supplementation may also reduce severity of or enhance recovery from mTBI. Replenishment of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency will likely improve some aspects of immune, bone, and muscle health. Probiotic supplementation can reduce the incidence, duration, and severity of upper respiratory tract infection, which may indirectly improve training or competitive performance. Preliminary data show that gelatin and/or collagen may improve connective tissue health. Some anti-inflammatory supplements, such as curcumin or tart cherry juice, may reduce inflammation and possibly delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not consistently increase strength and/or lean mass or reduce markers of muscle damage, but more research on recovery from injury that includes periods of extreme inactivity is needed. Several dietary supplements, including creatine monohydrate, omega 3-fatty acids, vitamin D, probiotics, gelatin, and curcumin/tart cherry juice could help athletes train and/or compete more effectively.

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Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on strength and body composition in trained and competitive athletes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Combined protein and calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate induced gains in leg fat free mass: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

Combined protein and calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate induced gains in leg fat free mass: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

A Review of the Effects of Leucine Metabolite (β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate) Supplementation and Resistance Training on Inflammatory Markers: A New Approach to Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Dietary Supplements for Health, Adaptation, and Recovery in Athletes

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