Effects of biodiesel on emissions of regulated air pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under engine durability testing

Yang, Hsi-Hsien; Chien, Shu-Mei; Lo, Mei-Yu; Lan, John Chi-Wei; Lu, Wenchang; Ku, Young

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.019

Cited by 83 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Some PAHs have been proven to be carcinogenic (IARC, 1987). Most PAHs are found to be associated with particulate, predominately fine or nano particulate (Kahandawala et al, 2004;Westerdahl et al, 2005 The details of the driving cycle are described elsewhere (Yang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biodiesel Blending on Particulate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Ranges from Diesel Engine

Chien

Huang

Chuang

et al. 2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The influences of different blending percentages of biodiesel on the size distributions of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not well known. In this study, commercial pure petroleum-based diesel (D100) and three biodiesel blends of 20% (B20), 60% (B60), and 100% (B100) were tested in an engine operated on a dynamometer following the US transient-cycle test procedure. PM size distributions were measured with micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) and Nano-MOUDI of 0.01-10 m aerodynamic diameter. The collected samples were extracted then analyzed for PAHs by GC/MS. The results revealed that PM emissions decrease apparently as the blending percentages of biodiesel increase. For D100, B20, B60 and B100, PAH emission factors were 3704, 2720, 1709 and 1514 μg/Hph (horsepower per hour), respectively.Increasing the biodiesel blending percentage reduces the emission of both PAHs and PM. As the blending fractions of biodiesel increased, the PM emissions for the four size ranges decreased. The reductions were significant especially for ultrafine (41.3%) and fine (44.8%) PM. The PAH mass was 32.5%, 32.6%, 34.5%, 30.0% in the ultra-fine size range and 23.8%, 24.3%, 29.2%, 34.5% in the nano size range for D100, B20, B60 and B100, respectively. The addition of biodiesel would cause higher percentages of ultra-fine and nano particulates in exhaust gas. For most biodiesel blending mixtures in the four size ranges, the percentages of PAH emission reduction were higher than those of PM emission. The reduction percentages reached 45.1% and 63.7% for B60, 66.5% and 68.3% for B100, respectively in ultrafine and fine size ranges. The BaPeq emission factors for B100 were 27.2, * Corresponding author. TEL.: +886-423323000 ext. 4451; Fax: +886-423742365E-mail address: hhyang@cyut.edu.tw Chien et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 18-31, 2009 19 49.5, 74.2 and 13.0 g/Hph in nano, ultrafine, fine and coarse size ranges. Biodiesel can reduce both PAH emission factors and the PAH corresponding carcinogenic potency in the full size ranges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biodiesel Blending on Particulate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Ranges from Diesel Engine

Chien

Huang

Chuang

et al. 2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…For the deterioration in diesel engine emission, Hsieh et al (2011) reported higher PCDD/F concentrations with greater mileage of diesel engine. Yang et al (2007) also reported that total PAH concentrations and their BaP eq emissions could be reduced by using B20, when HC, CO, PM, and particulate phase PAH emissions increased with accumulated mileage. The higher viscosity could be the reason that led to several durability issues, such as deposition formation, carbonization of injector tip, fuel filter plugging (Saxena and Maurya, 2016) and cause the increasing emissions.…”

Section: Durability Test and Deterioration Of Diesel Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were produced from animal fats or vegetable oils by transesterification reaction and could mitigate the increase in greenhouse gas emissions (Yang et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2011;Williams et al, 2011;Mwangi et al, 2015a;Scheepers, 2015). Several advantages by using biodiesels have been reported.…”

Section: Biodiesel Development Application and Their Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accumulation durations of 0, 125, 250, 375, and 500 hr are approximated to 0, 20,000, 40,000, 60,000, and 80,000 km respectively. The detail was provided in our previous study (Yang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Engine Durability Test and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mwangi et al (2015) investigated PAH emissions from a diesel engine using base diesel and fuel blends and observed a notable drop of 22.0-59.5% in PAH emissions when fuel blends were used. Yang et al (2007) used a fuel blend of B20 (80% diesel + 20% methyl ester derived from waste cooking oil) to operate Mitsubishi (4M40-2AT1) diesel engine, and they observed a PAH emission reduction of 23.7%.…”

Section: Euro II Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

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Influences of Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends on PAH and PCDD/F Emissions from Diesel Engines in Durability Testing Cycle

Redfern

Lin

Wang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, the 60,000-km durability tests were performed on two diesel engines (EURO IV and EURO II) by using B10 (10% waste cooking oil + 90% diesel) and B8 (8% waste cooking oil + 92% diesel), respectively, to determine the impacts on the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCCD/Fs). The above emissions were measured per 20,000-km testing intervals. The highest total PAH mass concentrations were 38.2 and 25.6 µg Nm -3 before durability test by operating the EURO IV and II engines, respectively, and decreased 51-55% after 60,000-km operation. The dominant congeners of PAH emissions were naphthalene (> 45%), pyrene, and phenanthrene, which belonged to the LM-PAHs. The total PAH BaP eq had different emission trends between the two engines during the durability tests. The highest level was 2.17 µg BaP eq Nm -3 from EURO II engine before the test and reduced 84% after a 60,000-km cycle, when the total-BaP eq emissions of EURO IV tended to increase from 0.0894 to 0.154 µg BaP eq Nm -3 after the same test. The most dominant congener to the toxicity emissions was benzo(a)pyrene (~70%). Additionally, the PCDD/F emissions were tested in EURO IV engine by using B10. The PCDD/F concentrations of mass and toxicity approached the highest levels, 167 ng Nm -3 and 3.69 pg WHO-TEQ Nm -3, after 60,000-km and 20,000-km running cycles, respectively. The main dominant congeners were OCDD (> 50%) for mass, 2,3,7,8-TeCDD (> 35%) and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD (> 18%) for toxicity. Consequently, the use of WCO-biodiesel might reduce the PAH mass and toxicity emissions in older engine but had no significant effect in PAH and PCDD/F emissions during the deterioration of a newer engine.

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Islam¹,

Hossain

Moussavizadegan³

et al. 2010

The Greening of Petroleum Operations

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Effects of biodiesel on emissions of regulated air pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under engine durability testing

Cited by 83 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of Biodiesel Blending on Particulate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Ranges from Diesel Engine

Effects of Biodiesel Blending on Particulate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Ranges from Diesel Engine

Influences of Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends on PAH and PCDD/F Emissions from Diesel Engines in Durability Testing Cycle

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