Effects of biological and physical properties of microalgae on disruption induced by a low-frequency ultrasound

In vitro bioaccessibility of macular xanthophylls from commercial microalgal powders of Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella pyrenoidosa

“…In the case of C. pyrenoidosa , because of its thicker cell wall compared to other Chlorella strains (Duan et al., 2017), the disruption of the cellulose‐rich walls during the drying process was specifically mentioned on the label. This is an important aspect as wall breakdown has been proven to contribute significantly to the enhancement of lutein bioaccessibility from Chlorella vulgaris (from 26% to 57% and 73% after microfluidization at two different pressures) (Cha et al., 2011).…”

Repeated Utilization of Ionic Liquid to Extract Lipid from Algal Biomass

“…SC-CO 2 [13] extraction was superior to other extraction techniques, but exhibited significant variations in yield with changes in operating parameters such as temperature and pressure [14]. Continuous ultrasonication [15] also can be a potential method to release the lipids in rigid-walled microalgae species without expensive dewatering steps. Cell disruption with bead milling, homogenization, microwave, and ultrasonication prior to solvent extraction could reduce the solvent utilization as well as decrease the process time.…”

Ultrasound for microalgal cell disruption and product extraction: A review

“…Many researchers used power input of the sonochemical reactor directly to represent ultrasonic intensity, but for more accurate estimation of the acoustic power dissipated into the system, calorimetry method has been widely applied to determine the acoustic power or intensity during microalgal cell disruption [ [25] , [28] , [29] , [48] , [51] , [61] , [63] ]. In this method, temperature was recorded continuously during sonication to reflect the ultrasound power dissipated through the system.…”

“…The biological and physical properties of microalgae, particularly the cell wall structure and cell size, are critical factors affecting the cell disruption efficacy in ultrasonic processing ( Table 3 ). In terms of cell wall structure, microalgae with cellulose carbohydrate-based cell wall typically show more resistance against ultrasound than cells with cell wall mainly composed of hydroxproline-rich glycoproteins [ 61 ]. The cell disruption efficiencies of Chlorella and Nannochloropsis species were only around 50–60% when low frequency of ultrasound was used [ [60] , [72] ], as they both possess a thick and strong cell wall with cellulose and hemicellulose as the major component ( Table 3 ).…”

“… About 2–4 μm in diameter Spherical Thick and strong cell wall (0.06–0.11 μm), composed of cellulose and algaenan 24 kHz, 400 W, 30 min Phenolic extraction yield was ∼ 2 times higher than the control [ 31 ] Nannochloropsis oculata 20 kHz, 2 min Less than 60% cell disruption [ 60 ] Haematococcus pluvialis 5–50 μm Thick, hydrolysis-resistant outer layer, sporopollenin containing cell wall 20 kHz, 600 W, 30 min 11.79% astaxanthin extractability [ 74 ] Chlamydomonas sp. 10–12 μm in diameter Ovid with two flagella Weak cell wall, mainly composed of hydroxproline-rich glycoproteins and crystalline layers 24 kHz, 5 min The maximum oil extraction yield was 22% (g g −1 ), a 1.7-fold increase compared to control [ 75 ] Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 35 kHz, 0.043 W mL −1 , 18 min Almost complete cell disruption [ 63 ] Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 35 kHz, 0.043 W mL −1 , 30 min Almost complete cell disruption [ 61 ] Scenedesmus dimorphus Bean shaped Long axis 10–20 μm Normally clusterd as groups 20 kHz, 1.76 kW, 2 min The increase in cell debris concentration was nearly 2-fold of that for Nannochloropsis oculata [ 65 ] Ankistrodesmus fusiformis 1–6 μm in width and 22–60 μm in length 20 kHz, 130 W, 60 min Complete cell disruption (100%) [ 64 ...…”