Effects of bisphenol A on antioxidant system in soybean seedling roots

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), an emerging pollutant in the environment, has potential toxic effects on plants. The toxicity mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. The antioxidant system plays an important role in protecting plants against the damage of stress. The present study investigated the effects of BPA on the antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase [SOD], peroxidase [POD], catalase [CAT], ascorbic acid [AsA], proline, reduced glutathione [GSH]), reactive oxygen species (ROS; hydrogen peroxide [H2 O2 ], superoxide anion [O2 (-) ]) accumulation, and membrane lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA], cell membrane permeability) in soybean seedling roots. The 1.5 mg L(-1) BPA exposure did not affect test indices in the roots. Exposure to 3.0 mg L(-1) , 6.0 mg L(-1) , 12.0 mg L(-1) , or 24.0 mg L(-1) BPA caused increases in SOD (except for 3.0 mg L(-1) BPA) and CAT activities, as well as in AsA, proline, and GSH (except for 3.0 mg L(-1) BPA) content, leading to increases in the H2 O2 and O2 (-) content and to membrane lipid peroxidation. Exposure to 48.0 mg L(-1) or 96.0 mg L(-1) BPA caused decreases in the CAT activity and AsA/GSH content, as well as increases in the SOD and POD activities and the proline content, leading to excess ROS accumulation (i.e., H2 O2 and O2 (-) ) and cell membrane damage. After withdrawal of BPA exposure, ROS accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation were alleviated by regulating a special antioxidant enzyme or substance.

TiO2 nanoparticles may alleviate cadmium toxicity in co-treatment experiments on the model hydrophyte Azolla filiculoides

“…Only a few studies on this joint action have been published for plants, taking into account NPs and heavy metals as occurring contaminants, co-present in the growth medium (Wang et al 2015;Lopez-Luna et al 2016;Ji et al 2017;Rossi et al 2018). Following a specific experimental design, A. filiculoides plants displayed…”

Effect of Bisphenol A-induced Oxidative Stress on the Ultra Structure and Antioxidant Defence System of Arabidopsis thialiana Leaves

“…Moreover, SEM micrographs indicated that BPA exposure markedly decrease the number of open stomata. The reduced number of open stomata may be due to the damaged guard cells, resulting in reduced turgor pressure and ultimately leading to the closure of stomatal pores [6]. The damage to the stomatal aperture can be attributed to increased accumulation of ROS in chloroplasts of stomata.…”

“…Due to its wide use in the production of industrial and household items, the global production of BPA is at an unprecedented high. It has been estimated that the global annual production of BPA is 6.8 million tons [5], and the annual growth rate of demand is 6% to 10% [6]. As a result of its massive usage, BPA has been continuously brought into the environment through industrial waste, sewage sludge, and waste landfill leachate [6].…”

“…It has been estimated that the global annual production of BPA is 6.8 million tons [5], and the annual growth rate of demand is 6% to 10% [6]. As a result of its massive usage, BPA has been continuously brought into the environment through industrial waste, sewage sludge, and waste landfill leachate [6]. In the Netherlands and Germany, BPA concentrations up to 21 µg/Land 0.4 µg/L, respectively, were detected in surface water [5].…”

“…The impact of BPA on plant growth and development involves biochemical disturbance mainly through oxidative stress [6]. The production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical (O 2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) creates oxidative stress in chloroplasts, plasma membrane, mitochondria, and peroxisomes [23].…”