Effects of Blackcurrant Anthocyanin on Endothelial Function and Peripheral Temperature in Young Smokers

Abstract

Background: Blackcurrant anthocyanin (BCA) is expected to repair endothelial dysfunction, but it remains unclear whether beneficial effects are present in young healthy persons. This study examines whether supplements containing blackcurrant anthocyanin improve endothelial function and peripheral temperature in young smokers. Methods: Young, healthy male nonsmokers (N group: n = 11; mean age 22 ± 2 years) and smokers (S group: n = 13; mean age 21 ± 1 years) were enrolled. A randomized and double-blind trial was designed to compare the effects of no supplement, a supplement containing 50 mg of blackcurrant anthocyanin (supplement A), and a supplement containing 50 mg of blackcurrant anthocyanin plus vitamin E (supplement B) on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and skin temperature. Results: Under no supplement, FMD was unchanged during the 2 h period after smoking in the N group, whereas it was decreased during the 2 h period after smoking in the S group. Under the A supplement, FMD was decreased 1 h after smoking and returned to the baseline level 2 h after smoking in the S group. The skin temperature in the area of the foot dorsum was decreased in the S group after smoking compared with that in the N group, who did not smoke, whereas under A and B supplements, it was higher in the S group compared with that in the N group. Conclusions: BCA could attenuate the smoking-induced acute endothelial dysfunction and improve peripheral temperature in young smokers.

The Effect of Organic and Conventional Cultivations on Antioxidants Content in Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) Species

“…; 2 -L-dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), L-ascorbic acid (ASC), mg/100 g f.w. ; 3 -values in the same column followed by different letters (a-c) are significantly different at 5% level of probability, with "a" always representing the highest value; 4 -not significant (NS).…”

“…Oxidative stress is one of the early civilization diseases, where uncontrolled negative forms and free radicals affect the reduced mechanisms of cell control. The state of increased oxidative stress is observed in the course of inflammatory diseases and in smokers [4]. The flavonoid group is also attributed with positive effects on the cardiovascular system, mainly caused by quercetin and rutin.…”

Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) Extract Exerts Potential Vasculoprotective Effects in Ovariectomized Rats, Including Prevention of Elastin Degradation and Pathological Vascular Remodeling

“…BCE strongly increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) mRNA expression and nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells, and dietary BCE increased eNOS protein expression in an OVX rat model [ 17 ]. Additionally, BCE effectively prevented lipid-associated metabolic abnormalities [ 18 ] and attenuated smoking-induced acute endothelial dysfunction and improved peripheral temperature in young smokers [ 55 ]. Furthermore, the amount of BCE administered in the animal model in the current study was equivalent to the daily dose of polyphenols (1.9 g/60 kg body weight) provided by BCE (5.1 g) previously administered to humans [ 18 ].…”

Effects of Berry Anthocyanins on Cognitive Performance, Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Intervention Studies in Humans

“…In the other studies, all carried out in healthy men, all tested concentrations increased FMD [ 29 , 46 , 66 ]. However, Tomisawa et al [ 69 ] reported that FMD remained unchanged after a blackcurrant intervention in young male smokers.…”