Effects of blown film process on initial properties of HPDE geomembranes of different thicknesses

Abstract

The differences in the properties of five high density polyethylene geomembranes (GMBs) of different thicknesses made by the same manufacturer from same GMB resin are investigated. The 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.4 mm thick GMBs investigated were manufactured during the same production run by changing the pulling speed of the GMB out of the extrusion die, such that, the pulling speed decreased with increasing thickness. There were no differences in the initial HP-OIT or Std-OIT values of the different GMBs. However, there were differences in the key mechanical and physical properties of the GMBs that cannot be simply explained by the increase in the amount of material due to increasing GMB thickness. These differences are explained by differences in the morphological structure of the GMBs arising from the different thermal and stress histories experienced during the manufacturing process. The effects of the differences in the morphological structure are discussed in terms of: the decrease in the relative differences between the stress-elongation curves in the machine and cross-machine directions as thickness increases; changes in the enthalpies of melting and crystallisation by differential scanning calorimetry with changing thickness; and the different stress crack resistance (SCR) for the GMBs. For example, thinner GMBs had a greater difference between the SCR in the machine and cross-machine direction. Increasing the GMB thickness from 1.5 to 2.4 mm resulted in increasing the SCR from , 800 to , 1100 h in the cross-machine direction and decreasing its SCR from , 4100 to , 2000 h in the machine direction. Thus, GMBs of different thickness manufactured from the same resin can be expected to have differences in their physical and mechanical properties that are dependent on the additional material but also the difference in the tension and cooling rate experienced during the manufacturing process.

Ageing of exposed geomembranes at locations with different climatological conditions

“…Thus, similar SCR values of anchor trench samples likely means the GMBs were made of the same resin and experienced the same thermal and stress histories during manufacturing and ageing. Different SCR values would mean (i) the GMBs were made of different resins and (or) had different stress and thermal histories during processing (Ewais and Rowe 2014a), and (or) (ii) they experienced different morphological changes with ageing because of the different ageing conditions, and (or) (iii) there was manufacturing variability (Peggs et al 2010). Thus, there is some associated uncertainty, inferring that the anchor trench samples with different SCR had a different resin for the reason discussed earlier; however, a similar SCR, melt index, flow rate ratio, and OIT would be highly suggestive that the anchor trench samples were made of the same resin.…”