Effects of Blue Light Emitting Diode Irradiation On the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Background/Aims: Blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been proven to affect the growth of several types of cells. The effects of blue LEDs have not been tested on bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which are important for cell-based therapy in various medical fields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of blue LED on the proliferation, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Methods: BMSCs were irradiated with a blue LED light at 470 nm for 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min and 60 min or not irradiated. Cell proliferation was measured by performing cell counting and EdU staining assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by ALP and ARS staining. DCFH-DA staining and γ-H2A.X immunostaining were used to measure intracellular levels of ROS production and DNA damage. Results: Both cell counting and EdU staining assays showed that cell proliferation of BMSCs was significantly reduced upon blue LED irradiation. Furthermore, treatment of BMSCs with LED irradiation was followed by a remarkable increase in apoptosis, indicating that blue LED light induced toxic effects on BMSCs. Likewise, BMSC osteogenic differentiation was inhibited after exposure to blue LED irradiation. Further, blue LED irradiation was followed by the accumulation of ROS

Semaphorin 3a reduces the side effects of radiation on BMSCs by reducing ROS

“…Many in vivo and in vitro studies generally use doses of 2 Gy for experimentation [25, 27]. The present study found that 2 Gy radiation could clearly inhibit cell proliferation, which was similar to the observations of previous studies [25–26]. Radiation-induced cell damage arises due to the energy deposited directly onto DNA and the induction of ROS, which cause DNA breakage in the nucleus and affect cell cycle checkpoints.…”

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by the radiolysis of water, activate the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B, in turn enhancing the expression of p16INK4A. The expression of p16INK4A protein activates the pRb tumor suppressor protein, thereby suppressing the expression of certain genes involved in cell proliferation, ultimately leading to durable cell-cycle arrest triggering mutagenesis, DNA damage, apoptosis, and nucleotide excision repair, causing an inflammatory response and the expression of inflammatory factors [26–27, 42, 50]. These post-radiation effects can lead to osteopenia, radiation-induced osteoporosis, and a higher risk of serious fractures [7–8].…”

Iron overload inhibits self‐renewal of human pluripotent stem cells via DNA damage and generation of reactive oxygen species

“…Previous studies have indicated that increased ROS production resulted in DNA damage [20]. We thus examined whether iron overload causes DNA damage in hiPSCs and hESCs.…”

Ginkgo Biloba L. Extract Reduces H2O2-Induced Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cytotoxicity by Regulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathways and Oxidative Stress

“…Intracellular ROS production plays important roles in the proliferation and apoptosis of various cell types. It has been reported that ROS production regulates aging, senescence, and osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs [ 20 – 22 ]. To further evaluate the effects of the EGB or EGB CS against ROS production in H 2 O 2 -induced BMSCs, we performed DCFH-DA staining assay.…”