Effects of bovine colostrum on recurrent respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in children

Saad, Khaled; Abo‐Elela, Mohamed Gamil M.; El-Baseer, Khaled A. Abd; Ahmed, Ahmed E.; Ahmad, Faisal‐Alkhateeb; Tawfeek, M. S. K.; Elhoufey, Amira; Aboul-Khair, Mohamed Diab; Abdel-Salam, Ahmad M.; Abo-elgheit, Amir; Qubaisy, Heba Mohammed; Ali, Ahmed M.; Abdel-Mawgoud, Eman

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000004560

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Similarly, infants of 4–6 months of age receiving infant formula supplemented with lactoferrin showed fewer respiratory illness ( 42 , 43 ). A reduction in respiratory tract infections was also observed in an intervention study with children of 1–6 years of age receiving bovine colostrum that is extremely rich in IgG ( 44 ). These findings indicate that bovine milk components may prevent respiratory tract infections in early life.…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence For the Immune Modulatory Role Of Cmentioning

confidence: 79%

Cow’s Milk and Immune Function in the Respiratory Tract: Potential Mechanisms

et al. 2018

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During the last decades, the world has witnessed a dramatic increase in allergy prevalence. Epidemiological evidence shows that growing up on a farm is a protective factor, which is partly explained by the consumption of raw cow’s milk. Indeed, recent studies show inverse associations between raw cow’s milk consumption in early life and asthma, hay fever, and rhinitis. A similar association of raw cow’s milk consumption with respiratory tract infections is recently found. In line with these findings, controlled studies in infants with milk components such as lactoferrin, milk fat globule membrane, and colostrum IgG have shown to reduce respiratory infections. However, for ethical reasons, it is not possible to conduct controlled studies with raw cow’s milk in infants, so formal proof is lacking to date. Because viral respiratory tract infections and aeroallergen exposure in children may be causally linked to the development of asthma, it is of interest to investigate whether cow’s milk components can modulate human immune function in the respiratory tract and via which mechanisms. Inhaled allergens and viruses trigger local immune responses in the upper airways in both nasal and oral lymphoid tissue. The components present in raw cow’s milk are able to promote a local microenvironment in which mucosal immune responses are modified and the epithelial barrier is enforced. In addition, such responses may also be triggered in the gut after exposure to allergens and viruses in the nasal cavity that become available in the GI tract after swallowing. However, these immune cells that come into contact with cow’s milk components in the gut must recirculate into the blood and home to the (upper and lower) respiratory tract to regulate immune responses locally. Expression of the tissue homing-associated markers α4β7 and CCR9 or CCR10 on lymphocytes can be influenced by vitamin A and vitamin D3, respectively. Since both vitamins are present in milk, we speculate that raw milk may influence homing of lymphocytes to the upper respiratory tract. This review focuses on potential mechanisms via which cow’s milk or its components can influence immune function in the intestine and the upper respiratory tract. Unraveling these complex mechanisms may contribute to the development of novel dietary approaches in allergy and asthma prevention.

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Section: Epidemiological Evidence For the Immune Modulatory Role Of Cmentioning

confidence: 79%

Cow’s Milk and Immune Function in the Respiratory Tract: Potential Mechanisms

et al. 2018

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“…The use of whole BC in addition to standard treatment for the recurrent or acute respiratory infection and diarrhea has been reported in previous studies in many countries. BC supplementation has consistently and significantly reduced the symptoms of respiratory infection and diarrhea, shortened the morbidity duration, and accelerated the recovery time [19][20][21][22][23] . However, to our knowledge, there has been limited investigation of the prophylactic effect of BC on morbidity of respiratory infection or diarrhea in formula-fed infants.…”

Section: Prophylactic Effect On Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

The prophylactic effect of bovine colostrum on respiratory infection and diarrhea in formula-fed infants: a randomized trial

Chen¹,

Chen²,

Luo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background It has been reported that regular consumption of bovine colostrum has a protective role for the gastrointestinal immunity of infants. However, not enough investigation has explored the prophylactic effect of bovine colostrum on the morbidity of diarrhea and respiratory tract infections in formula-fed infants. The purpose of the study is to explore the prophylactic effect of BC on morbidity of diarrhea and respiratory tract infections in formula-fed infants.Methods A total of 192 term infants aged 6 to 9 months, who were previously fully formula-fed after birth, were randomly recruited into this multi-centric, randomized, blank-controlled, opened, and post-marketing intervention study. Infants in the intervention group (IG) were given a commercially available bovine colostrum sachet once a day for 3 months while infants in the control group (CG) were not given the bovine colostrum sachet. The morbidity and duration of diarrhea and respiratory tract infections and the fecal IgA, calprotectin, and total fatty acid were monitored during the intervention.Result There was a lower incidence of loose stool [IG/CG rate ratio: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.09-0.67], increased stool frequency (0.30, 0.17-0.78), loss of appetite (0.28, 0.11-0.47), sneezing (0.22,0.07-0.69), upper respiratory infection (0.55, 0.32-0.88), and diarrhea (0.25, 0.09-0.61) and shorter duration of diarrhea for infants in IG than those in CG.Conclusion Bovine colostrum intervention for 3 months showed a potential prophylactic effect on respiratory infection and diarrhea in formula-fed infants. The present data may be applicable to other infants of similar socioeconomic status.

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“…In fact, scoring disease episodes within a specific time is a commonly used approach to test whether a specific product lowers the incidence of the disease. Two studies from India and Egypt used this approach and have shown decreased diarrhea in children that received (non-hyperimmune) colostrum products ( 93 , 94 ). Both studies included children with recurrent infections prior to the start of the study, but unfortunately as both were uncontrolled the colostrum products were not compared to a placebo.…”

Section: In Vivo Studies On Effects Of Bovine Igg and Colostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bovine Immunoglobulins on Immune Function, Allergy, and Infection

et al. 2018

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This review aims to provide an in depth overview of the current knowledge of the effects of bovine immunoglobulins on the human immune system. The stability and functional effects of orally ingested bovine immunoglobulins in milk products are described and potential mechanisms of action are discussed. Orally ingested bovine IgG (bovine IgG) can be recovered from feces, ranging from very low levels up to 50% of the ingested IgG that has passed through the gastrointestinal tract. In infants the recovered levels are higher than in adults most likely due to differences in stomach and intestinal conditions such as pH. This indicates that bovine IgG can be functionally active throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, a large number of studies in infants and adults have shown that bovine IgG (or colostrum as a rich source thereof) can prevent gastrointestinal tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections, and LPS-induced inflammation. These studies vary considerably in target group, design, source of bovine IgG, dosage, and endpoints measured making it hard to draw general conclusions on effectiveness of bovine immunoglobulin rich preparations. Typical sources of bovine IgG used in human studies are serum-derived IgG, colostrum, colostrum-derived IgG, or milk-derived immunoglobulins. In addition, many studies have used IgG from vaccinated cows, but studies using IgG from nonimmunized animals have also been reported to be effective. Mechanistically, bovine IgG binds to many human pathogens and allergens, can neutralize experimental infection of human cells, and limits gastrointestinal inflammation. Furthermore, bovine IgG binds to human Fc receptors which, enhances phagocytosis, killing of bacteria and antigen presentation and bovine IgG supports gastrointestinal barrier function in in vitro models. These mechanisms are becoming more and more established and explain why bovine IgG can have immunological effects in vivo. The inclusion of oral bovine immunoglobulins in specialized dairy products and infant nutrition may therefore be a promising approach to support immune function in vulnerable groups such as infants, children, elderly and immunocompromised patients.

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Effects of bovine colostrum on recurrent respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in children

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

Cow’s Milk and Immune Function in the Respiratory Tract: Potential Mechanisms

Cow’s Milk and Immune Function in the Respiratory Tract: Potential Mechanisms

The prophylactic effect of bovine colostrum on respiratory infection and diarrhea in formula-fed infants: a randomized trial

Effects of Bovine Immunoglobulins on Immune Function, Allergy, and Infection

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