Effects of branched-chain amino acid-rich supplementation on EWGSOP2 criteria for sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bai, Geng-Hao; Tsai, Meng Chen; Tsai, Han Wei; Chang, Chun Chao; Hou, Wen Hsuan

doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02710-0

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Despite the controversy, several studies suggested that supplementation with a mixture of amino acids or essential amino acids might successfully counteract the development of sarcopenia by stimulating protein anabolism. A recent meta-analysis supports this hypothesis, showing that BCAAs-rich supplementation improves muscle mass and muscle strength in older subjects [ 36 ]. Similarly, previous meta-analyses suggest that essential amino acids are more effective in increasing muscle mass and function in old, malnourished patients, compared to non-essential amino acid or whole protein supplementations [ 110 ].…”

Section: Bcaasmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Numerous nutrients have been linked both to mitochondrial function and to muscle health [ 35 ]. Among macronutrients, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) [ 36 ] and the omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n -3 PUFA) [ 37 ] have repeatedly been shown to have a central place. Among micronutrients, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium, which all have antioxidant properties, have been shown to be essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From the Bench to the Bedside: Branched Amino Acid and Micronutrient Strategies to Improve Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leading to Sarcopenia

Romani

Berger

2022

Nutrients

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With extended life expectancy, the older population is constantly increasing, and consequently, so too is the prevalence of age-related disorders. Sarcopenia, the pathological age-related loss of muscle mass and function; and malnutrition, the imbalance in nutrient intake and resultant energy production, are both commonly occurring conditions in old adults. Altered nutrition plays a crucial role in the onset of sarcopenia, and both these disorders are associated with detrimental consequences for patients (e.g., frailty, morbidity, and mortality) and society (e.g., healthcare costs). Importantly, sarcopenia and malnutrition also share critical molecular alterations, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and a chronic state of low grade and sterile inflammation, defined as inflammageing. Given the connection between malnutrition and sarcopenia, nutritional interventions capable of affecting mitochondrial health and correcting inflammageing are emerging as possible strategies to target sarcopenia. Here, we discuss mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammageing as key features leading to sarcopenia. Moreover, we examine the effects of some branched amino acids, omega-3 PUFA, and selected micronutrients on these pathways, and their potential role in modulating sarcopenia, warranting further clinical investigation.

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Section: Bcaasmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Bench to the Bedside: Branched Amino Acid and Micronutrient Strategies to Improve Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leading to Sarcopenia

Romani

Berger

2022

Nutrients

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“…Despite the diversity of intervention approaches, our results indicate that food supplements and ONS composed of protein, amino acids, HMB, or omega‐3 fatty acids are of particular interest by researchers in the field given their potential for anabolic effects. 53 , 54 Although these are not novel nutrition interventions, as highlighted by a number of systematic reviews, 22 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 further research is needed to understand their impact on muscle mass and function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dose, frequency, and duration of interventions) preclude a comprehensive comparison of results. 22 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 Furthermore, the number of studies is relatively small (particularly in clinical populations), often lack measures of dietary intake and adherence and are limited by the methodological challenges to assess muscle parameters. 25 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings are often underpowered to detect differences in muscle mass changes, and heterogeneity across studies (e.g. dose, frequency, and duration of interventions) preclude a comprehensive comparison of results 22,28–32 . Furthermore, the number of studies is relatively small (particularly in clinical populations), often lack measures of dietary intake and adherence and are limited by the methodological challenges to assess muscle parameters 25,31–39 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping ongoing nutrition intervention trials in muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia: a scoping review of future research

Orsso

Montes‐Ibarra

Findlay

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Muscle loss alone, or in the context of sarcopenia or cachexia, is a prevalent condition and a predictor of negative outcomes in aging and disease. As adequate nutrition is essential for muscle maintenance, a growing number of studies has been conducted to explore the role of specific nutrients on muscle mass or function. Nonetheless, more research is needed to guide evidence-based recommendations. This scoping review aimed to compile and document ongoing clinical trials investigating nutrition interventions as a strategy to prevent or treat low muscle mass or function (strength and physical performance), sarcopenia, or cachexia. ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched up to 21 April 2021 for planned and ongoing trials. Randomized controlled trials with ≥20 participants per arm were included based on intent to explore the effects of nutrition interventions on muscle-related outcomes (i.e. muscle mass or strength, physical performance, or muscle synthesis rate) in both clinical and non-clinical conditions (i.e. aging). Two reviewers independently screened records for eligibility, and a descriptive synthesis of trials characteristics was conducted. A total of 113 trials were included in the review. Most trials (69.0%) enroll adults with clinical conditions, such as cancer (19.5%), obesity and metabolic diseases (16.8%), and musculoskeletal diseases (10.7%). The effects of nutrition interventions on age-related muscle loss are explored in 31% of trials. Although nutrition interventions of varied types were identified, food supplements alone (48.7%) or combined with dietary advice (11.5%) are most frequently reported. Protein (17.7%), amino acids (10.6%), and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB, 6.2%) are the top three food supplements' nutrients under investigation. Primary outcome of most trials (54.9%) consists of measures of muscle mass alone or in combination with muscle strength and/or performance (as either primary or secondary outcomes). Muscle strength and physical performance are primary outcomes of 38% and 31.9% of the trials, respectively. These measurements were obtained using a variety of techniques. Only a few trials evaluate muscle synthesis rate either as a primary or secondary outcome (5.3%). Several nutrition studies focusing on muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia are underway and can inform future research in this area. Although many trials have similar type of interventions, methodological heterogeneity may challenge study comparisons, and future meta-analyses aiming to provide evidence-based recommendations. Upcoming research in this area may benefit from guidelines for the assessment of therapeutic effects of nutrition interventions.

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Nutritional strategies for improving sarcopenia outcomes in older adults: A narrative review

Goes‐Santos,

Carson,

da Fonseca

et al. 2024

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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Sarcopenia is characterized by a decline in muscle strength, generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, and impaired physical performance, which are common outcomes used to screen, diagnose, and determine severity of sarcopenia in older adults. These outcomes are associated with poor quality of life, increased risk of falls, hospitalization, and mortality in this population. The development of sarcopenia is underpinned by aging, but other factors can lead to sarcopenia, such as chronic diseases, physical inactivity, inadequate dietary energy intake, and reduced protein intake (nutrition‐related sarcopenia), leading to an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. Protein digestion and absorption are also modified with age, as well as the reduced capacity of metabolizing protein, hindering older adults from achieving ideal protein consumption (i.e., 1–1.5 g/kg/day). Nutritional supplement strategies, like animal (i.e., whey protein) and plant‐based protein, leucine, and creatine have been shown to play a significant role in improving outcomes related to sarcopenia. However, the impact of other supplements (e.g., branched‐chain amino acids, isolated amino acids, and omega‐3) on sarcopenia and related outcomes remain unclear. This narrative review will discuss the evidence of the impact of these nutritional strategies on sarcopenia outcomes in older adults.

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Effects of branched-chain amino acid-rich supplementation on EWGSOP2 criteria for sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 40 publications

References 106 publications

From the Bench to the Bedside: Branched Amino Acid and Micronutrient Strategies to Improve Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leading to Sarcopenia

From the Bench to the Bedside: Branched Amino Acid and Micronutrient Strategies to Improve Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leading to Sarcopenia

Mapping ongoing nutrition intervention trials in muscle, sarcopenia, and cachexia: a scoping review of future research

Nutritional strategies for improving sarcopenia outcomes in older adults: A narrative review

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