Effects of Bu-Shen-Ning-Xin Decoction on immune cells of the spleen and bone marrow in ovariectomized mice

Gui, Yuyan; Zhang, Na; Xu, Yuping; Li, Da‐Jin; Wang, Ling

doi:10.5582/bst.2016.01012

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In this study, we have generated the estrogen-deficient mouse model by removing bilateral ovaries, following the methods previously described [ 39 – 42 ]. This method has previously been used to study the effect of estrogen level reduction on bone mineral density and the immune system [ 39 – 41 ]. OVX surgery has also been used to establish a postmenopausal obesity mouse model, followed by feeding high-fat food [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we have generated the estrogen-deficient mouse model by removing bilateral ovaries, following the methods previously described [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is method has previously been used to study the effect of estrogen level reduction on bone mineral density and the immune system [39][40][41]. OVX surgery has also been used to establish a postmenopausal obesity mouse model, followed by feeding high-fat food [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Alteration of the Gut Microbiota Associated with Obesity and Intestinal Inflammation in Ovariectomy C57BL/6 Mice

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective. Estrogen is a critical hormone that is mainly produced by the ovary in females. Estrogen deficiency leads to various syndromes and diseases, partly due to gut microbiota alterations. Previous studies have shown that estrogen deficiency affects the gut microbiota at 6–8 weeks after ovariectomy, but the immediate effect of estrogen deficiency on the gut microbiota remains poorly understood. Methods. To investigate the short time and dynamic effects of decreased estrogen levels on the gut microbiota and their potential impact on estrogen deficiency-related diseases, we performed metagenomic sequencing of 260 fecal samples from 50 ovariectomy (OVX) and 15 control C57BL/6 female mice at four time points after surgery. Results. We found that seven gut microbiota species, including E. coli, Parabacteroides unclassified, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 8_1_57FAA, Bacteroides uniformis, Veillonella unclassified, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, and Firmicutes bacterium M10_2, were abundant in OVX mice. The abundance of these species increased with time after OVX surgery. The relative abundance of the opportunistic pathogen E. coli and the Crohn's disease-related Veillonella spp. was significantly correlated with mouse weight gain in the OVX group. Butyrate production and the Entner–Doudoroff pathway were significantly enriched in the control mouse group, while the degradation of glutamic acid and aspartic acid was enriched in the OVX mouse group. As the time after OVX surgery increased, the bacterial species and metabolic pathways significantly changed and tended to suggest an inflammatory environment, indicating a subhealthy state of the gut microbiota in the OVX mouse group. Conclusions. Taken together, our results show that the dynamic gut microbiota profile alteration caused by estrogen deficiency is related to obesity and inflammation, which may lead to immune and metabolic disorders. This study provides new clues for the treatment of estrogen deficiency-related diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we have generated the estrogen-deficient mouse model by removing bilateral ovaries, following the methods previously described [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Alteration of the Gut Microbiota Associated with Obesity and Intestinal Inflammation in Ovariectomy C57BL/6 Mice

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

International Journal of Endocrinology

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“…It increased T cell proportion and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4 þ ) Tregs in the spleen, and decreased B cell proportion, mononuclear cell proportion while increased natural killer cell number in the spleen and bone marrow of OVX mice. 27 In OVX BALB/c mice, the administration of BSNXD significantly increased serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) without affecting 17-β-estradiol level. 28 DHEA served as potential mediator of a BSNXD protective effect on bone.…”

Section: Er-xian Decoctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 Moreover, both DHEA and BSNXD were thought to have an immuno-regulatory role because DHEA decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production and CD4 þ cells growth rate and BSNXD suppressed the increase of CD4 þ , CD8 þ cells while it increased Tregs in OVX mice. 27,33 Tregs, from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suppressed osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption through the secretion of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in human bone marrow cells. 34 This further explanation added weight to the cross-talk between the immune system and bone metabolism.…”

Section: Chinese Herbal Formulas For Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 77mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese herbal formulas for postmenopausal osteoporosis: A review of preclinical evidence on animal studies and molecular mechanism

Lin

Tian

et al. 2018

Tradit. Med. Mod. Med.

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Whether Chinese herbal formulas are effective in treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the experimental evidence of both in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies using Chinese herbal formulas in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Searches were applied to various databases with relevant keywords. Original in vivo and in vitro studies using Chinese herbal formulas to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis, and with full text available, were included. Er-Xian Decoction, Bu-Shen-Ning-Xin Decoction, Qing E Formula, Liuwei Dihuang Wan, and Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao Decoction, the most commonly studied formulas, were selected from the pool of Chinese medicine. The preclinical data indicated the potential use of Chinese herbal formulas in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The underlying mechanisms included bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun [Formula: see text] terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/JNK/MAPK), estrogen receptor (ER), and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor [Formula: see text]B ligand (OPG/RANKL) signaling pathways. This study demonstrated the anti-osteoporotic effect of Chinese herbal formulas targeting different pathways in bone metabolism. Further study with adequate sample size and follow-up time, appropriate controls, and optimal blinding is required.

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Low‐Dose Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C2 Mutant Maintains Bone Homeostasis via Regulating Crosstalk between Bone Formation and Host T‐Cell Effector Immunity

Wang

Lin

Liu³

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Studies in recent years have highlighted an elaborate crosstalk between T cells and bone cells, suggesting that T cells may be alternative therapeutic targets for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Here, it is reported that systemic administration of low‐dose staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) 2M‐118, a form of mutant superantigen, dramatically alleviates ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced bone loss via modulating T cells. Specially, SEC2 2M‐118 treatment increases trabecular bone mass significantly via promoting bone formation in OVX mice. These beneficial effects are largely diminished in T‐cell‐deficient nude mice and can be rescued by T‐cell reconstruction. Neutralizing assays determine interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) as the key factor that mediates the beneficial effects of SEC2 2M‐118 on bone. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that IFN‐γ stimulates Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) signaling, leading to enhanced production of nitric oxide, which further activates p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) andRunt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) signaling and promotes osteogenic differentiation. IFN‐γ also directly inhibits osteoclast differentiation, but this effect is counteracted by proabsorptive factors tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) secreted from IFN‐γ‐stimulated macrophages. Taken together, this work provides clues for developing innovative approaches which target T cells for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

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Effects of Bu-Shen-Ning-Xin Decoction on immune cells of the spleen and bone marrow in ovariectomized mice

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Dynamic Alteration of the Gut Microbiota Associated with Obesity and Intestinal Inflammation in Ovariectomy C57BL/6 Mice

Dynamic Alteration of the Gut Microbiota Associated with Obesity and Intestinal Inflammation in Ovariectomy C57BL/6 Mice

Chinese herbal formulas for postmenopausal osteoporosis: A review of preclinical evidence on animal studies and molecular mechanism

Low‐Dose Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C2 Mutant Maintains Bone Homeostasis via Regulating Crosstalk between Bone Formation and Host T‐Cell Effector Immunity

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