Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC

Ryu, Sangwook; Paquet, Jean-François; Shen, Chun; Denicol, Gabriel; Schenke, Björn; Jeon, Sangyong; Gale, Charles

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1704.04216

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Section IIB will describe the centrality selection procedure that is employed for this work, and section IIC will briefly introduce the details of the hydrodynamic and hadronic cascade simulations. The latter section will focus on the details of the implementations and the parameters used as the physics of these models has been discussed in great detail elsewhere [4,10]. The procedure of our flow analysis is explained in Section IID.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic predictions for Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV

et al. 2017

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic predictions for Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV

et al. 2017

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“…Comparisons of fluid-dynamical model calculations with experimental data, especially for the azimuthal structure of hadron spectra, have revealed that the ratios of shear and bulk viscosity to entropy density must be small in order to be consistent with the data [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The good agreement between fluid-dynamical models and experimental data is one of the strongest evidences that a small droplet of QGP is indeed formed in these collisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Exploring the applicability of dissipative fluid dynamics to small systems by comparison to the Boltzmann equation

et al. 2018

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Background: Experimental data from heavy-ion experiments at RHIC-BNL and LHC-CERN are quantitatively described using relativistic fluid dynamics. Even p+A and p+p collisions show signs of collective behavior describable in the same manner. Nevertheless, small system sizes and large gradients strain the limits of applicability of fluid-dynamical methods.Purpose: The range of applicability of fluid dynamics for the description of the collective behavior, and in particular of the elliptic flow, of small systems needs to be explored.Method: Results of relativistic fluid-dynamical simulations are compared with solutions of the Boltzmann equation in a longitudinally boost-invariant picture. As initial condition, several different transverse energy-density profiles for equilibrated matter are investigated.Results: While there is overall a fair agreement of energy-and particle-density profiles, components of the shearstress tensor are more sensitive to details of the implementation. The highest sensitivity is exhibited by quantities influenced by properties of the medium at freeze-out.Conclusions: For some quantities, like the shear-stress tensor, agreement between fluid dynamics and transport theory extends into regions of Knudsen numbers and inverse Reynolds numbers where relativistic fluid dynamics is believed to fail.

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“…We will also look at how the transport coefficients, including the relaxation times, affect the viscous hydrodynamic results when computed in the small fixed mass approximation z 1 and dm/dT ≈ 0, without a mean field, which is commonly implemented in viscous hydrodynamic simulations. [78,81,82] A. Equilibrium initial conditions…”

Section: Bjorken Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

( 3+1 )-dimensional anisotropic fluid dynamics with a lattice QCD equation of state

2018

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Anisotropic hydrodynamics improves upon standard dissipative fluid dynamics by treating certain large dissipative corrections nonperturbatively. Relativistic heavy-ion collisions feature two such large dissipative effects: (i) Strongly anisotropic expansion generates a large shear stress component which manifests itself in very different longitudinal and transverse pressures, especially at early times. (ii) Critical fluctuations near the quarkhadron phase transition lead to a large bulk viscous pressure on the conversion surface between hydrodynamics and a microscopic hadronic cascade description of the final collision stage. We present a new dissipative hydrodynamic formulation for nonconformal fluids where both of these effects are treated nonperturbatively. The evolution equations are derived from the Boltzmann equation in the 14-moment approximation, using an expansion around an anisotropic leading-order distribution function with two momentum-space deformation parameters, accounting for the longitudinal and transverse pressures. To obtain their evolution we impose generalized Landau matching conditions for the longitudinal and transverse pressures. We describe an approximate anisotropic equation of state that relates the anisotropy parameters with the macroscopic pressures. Residual shear stresses are smaller and are treated perturbatively, as in standard second-order dissipative fluid dynamics. The resulting optimized viscous anisotropic hydrodynamic evolution equations are derived in 3 + 1 dimensions and tested in a (0 + 1)-dimensional Bjorken expansion, using a state-of-the-art lattice equation of state. Comparisons with other viscous hydrodynamical frameworks are presented.

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Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Hydrodynamic predictions for Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV

Hydrodynamic predictions for Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV

Exploring the applicability of dissipative fluid dynamics to small systems by comparison to the Boltzmann equation

( 3+1 )-dimensional anisotropic fluid dynamics with a lattice QCD equation of state

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