Effects of Burning on Chaparral Soils: II. Soil Microbes and Nitrogen Mineralization

Dunn, Paul H.; DeBano, Leonard F.; Eberlein, Gary E.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1979.03615995004300030016x

Cited by 112 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…(4). From such observational evidence, researchers have suggested that spore-forming bacteria thrive after fires because they either survive the heat generated by fires or rapidly colonize recently burned soils (21,55). In contrast to the diversity of nifH sequence types recovered at our study area, amplifiable amoA sequences formed only four separate clusters (AO1, AO2, AO3, and AO4), all of which were most closely related to Nitrosospira spp.…”

Section: Vol 71 2005 N-cycling Bacterial Communities After Forest Fmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The immediate effect of fire on the soil microbial biomass depends on the intensity and duration of the fire and can range from complete sterilization to little or no effect (4,55). Reductions in the total soil microbial biomass due to fire can persist for decades (21,22,42). However, rapid recolonization of specific microbial groups has also been observed, and fire has even been reported to stimulate microbial numbers and activity shortly after the burn, potentially through the release of readily utilizable C and N substrates (2,4,20,55).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in Nitrogen-Fixing and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities in Soil of a Mixed Conifer Forest after Wildfire

Yeager

Northup

Grow

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

124

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This study was undertaken to examine the effects of forest fire on two important groups of N-cycling bacteria in soil, the nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Sequence and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of nifH and amoA PCR amplicons was performed on DNA samples from unburned, moderately burned, and severely burned soils of a mixed conifer forest. PCR results indicated that the soil biomass and proportion of nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-oxidizing species was less in soil from the fire-impacted sites than from the unburned sites. The number of dominant nifH sequence types was greater in fire-impacted soils, and nifH sequences that were most closely related to those from the spore-forming taxa Clostridium and Paenibacillus were more abundant in the burned soils. In T-RFLP patterns of the ammoniaoxidizing community, terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) representing amoA cluster 1, 2, or 4 Nitrosospira spp. were dominant (80 to 90%) in unburned soils, while TRFs representing amoA cluster 3A Nitrosospira spp. dominated (65 to 95%) in fire-impacted soils. The dominance of amoA cluster 3A Nitrosospira spp. sequence types was positively correlated with soil pH (5.6 to 7.5) and NH 3 -N levels (0.002 to 0.976 ppm), both of which were higher in burned soils. The decreased microbial biomass and shift in nitrogen-fixing and ammoniaoxidizing communities were still evident in fire-impacted soils collected 14 months after the fire.

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Section: Vol 71 2005 N-cycling Bacterial Communities After Forest Fmentioning

confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Nitrogen-Fixing and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities in Soil of a Mixed Conifer Forest after Wildfire

Yeager

Northup

Grow

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

124

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“…The substantial increases in N0 3 --N following burning are most likely produced by increased nitrification rates resulting from the high NH 4 + -N availability, perhaps coupled with the denaturation of alielopathic nitrification inhibitors, which are known to be present in ponderosa pine litter and soils (Lodhi and Killingblrck, 1980). However, decreased nitrification might, also be expected because of selective mortality of nitrifying bacteria, which appear to be particularly sensitive to soil heating (Dunn and DeBano, 1977;Dunn et al, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Periodic Burning on Soil Nitrogen Concentrations in Ponderosa Pine

Covington¹,

Sackett

1986

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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To determine the effects of different burning intervals on soil N status in substands of sapling-, pole-, and sawtimber-sized ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) we sampled plots burned at 1-, 2-, and 4-yr intervals by three strata at two depths (0-5 and 5-15 cm). Generally, NH 4 + ; and NO 3 -concentrations were higher on plots repeatedly burned than on unburned controls. However, plots not reburned for 4 to 5 yr had concentrations similar to controls. No significant difference in total (organically bound) N was found among treatments. We conclude that frequent periodic burning can be used to enhance N availability in southwestern ponderosa pine sites.

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“…Fire intensity increases as the amount of biomass burned per unit area increases. In laboratory experiments, the amount of SOM remaining after a fire decreased with an increase in fire intensity (Dunn et al 1979). However, no coherent results related to the changes of SOM have been observed in field studies of slash-and-burn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Short-term effects of fire intensity on soil organic matter and nutrient release after slash-and-burn in Eastern Province, Zambia

Andō

Shinjo

Noro

et al. 2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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According to the slash-and-burn technique used in Eastern Province, Zambia, cut trees are piled and burned in only a part of the cleared fields, because adequate tree biomass is not available to burn the entire field. Due to a recent decrease in emergent trees, not only emergent tree piles but also bush tree piles may exist. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the changes in soil organic matter followed by nutrient release occurring immediately after burning in spots unburned and burned with emergent and bush trees. Fire intensity was significantly higher where emergent tree piles were present. Total carbon (C) decreased by 25.1% and 14.7% in spots burned with emergent and brush tree piles, respectively, while total nitrogen (N) decreased by 15.0% only at spots burned with emergent tree piles and did not change significantly elsewhere. Additionally, the mortality of microbes with soil heating caused an increase in C mineralization after fire. The levels of available nutrients, such as ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 -N), available phosphorus (P), and exchangeable potassium (K) and calcium (Ca), increased following the decomposition of soil organic matter and microbial mortality that occurred with an increase in fire intensity. Net N mineralization did not occur, especially in spots burned with emergent tree piles, because the N content of labile organic matter decreased. Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield increased with fire intensity, because fire increased nutrient availability and limited weed biomass. Although the burned emergent and bush tree piles occupied only 6.9 and 7.5% of total cleared field, respectively, the grain yield in spots burned with emergent and bush trees accounted for 21% and 15% of the total yield, respectively. Therefore, the burning of bush trees, which is increasing because of the decreased number of emergent trees, could result in a decrease in grain yield but could also alleviate the overall severe loss of soil organic matter.

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Effects of Burning on Chaparral Soils: II. Soil Microbes and Nitrogen Mineralization

Cited by 112 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Nitrogen-Fixing and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities in Soil of a Mixed Conifer Forest after Wildfire

Changes in Nitrogen-Fixing and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities in Soil of a Mixed Conifer Forest after Wildfire

Effect of Periodic Burning on Soil Nitrogen Concentrations in Ponderosa Pine

Short-term effects of fire intensity on soil organic matter and nutrient release after slash-and-burn in Eastern Province, Zambia

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