Effects of Burns on Inhalation Injury

Tasaki, Osamu; Goodwin, C; Saitoh, Daizo; Mozingo, D.W.; Ishihara, Satoshi; Brinkley, William W.; Cioffi, William G.; Pruitt, Basil A.

doi:10.1097/00005373-199710000-00007

Cited by 35 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It was postulated that any protein given in the first 24 hours would leak out into the interstitial space and cause further oedema. This was confirmed in patients with inhalational injury at a later date [12].…”

Section: Resuscitationsupporting

confidence: 54%

Critical Care of Military Burn Casualties at Role 3 Facilities

Parkhouse

2009

J R Army Med Corps

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Burn casualties will inevitably occur in the military environment during both conflict and peacetime. The number and type of casualties will vary on the nature of warfare and the type of troops deployed. New preventative measures have decreased the number and severity of burns found on the battlefield however with new weapon systems casualties suffering from thermal injuries are still to be expected in modern warfare. Over the last 4 decades great advances have been made in the treatment of thermal injuries. These advances are reviewed here with emphasis on those that can be accomplished in the Role 3 facility by non-specialist clinicians. It is beyond the scope of this review to produce didactic treatment protocols but it is hoped that in the near future Clinical Guidelines for Operations will soon reflect these. Where advances have occurred that can not be mirrored in the field hospital early evacuation to specialist facilities back at Role 4 facilities should be a priority.

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Section: Resuscitationsupporting

confidence: 54%

Critical Care of Military Burn Casualties at Role 3 Facilities

Parkhouse

2009

J R Army Med Corps

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“…Inhalation injury occurs in anywhere from 3 to 21% of burn patients and is a major cause of mortality; 80% of fire-related deaths occur from hypoxia due to oxygen deprivation or from inhalation of the toxins found in smoke (15,32,43,342,372,425,438). Inhalation injury of the lung in adults is usually proportional to the depth and extent of body surface area burned (252,279,342,440).…”

Section: Inhalation Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Burn Wound Infections

Church

Elsayed

Reid³

et al. 2006

Clin Microbiol Rev

1,623

1,345

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SUMMARYBurns are one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma. Patients with serious thermal injury require immediate specialized care in order to minimize morbidity and mortality. Significant thermal injuries induce a state of immunosuppression that predisposes burn patients to infectious complications. A current summary of the classifications of burn wound infections, including their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, is given. Early excision of the eschar has substantially decreased the incidence of invasive burn wound infection and secondary sepsis, but most deaths in severely burn-injured patients are still due to burn wound sepsis or complications due to inhalation injury. Burn patients are also at risk for developing sepsis secondary to pneumonia, catheter-related infections, and suppurative thrombophlebitis. The introduction of silver-impregnated devices (e.g., central lines and Foley urinary catheters) may reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections due to prolonged placement of these devices. Improved outcomes for severely burned patients have been attributed to medical advances in fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, pulmonary and burn wound care, and infection control practices.

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“…Histologic grading of tracheal and pulmonary injury was performed using the previously described scoring system. 18 The tracheal damage score is as follows: grade 0, normal; grade 1, some loss of cilia, loss of apical epithelium; grade 2, marked attenuation of epithelium or a single layer of epithelium; grade 3, Ͻ50% segmental/focal ulceration of epithelium (or covered by serocellular/mucocellular cast); and grade 4, Ͼ50% ulceration of epithelium. Parenchymal damage was evaluated at the apical, cardiac, and diaphragmatic lobes of both lungs.…”

Section: Postmortem Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%