Effects of C/N ratio on biofloc development, water quality, and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in a biofloc-based, high-density, zero-exchange, outdoor tank system

Xu, Wujie; Morris, Timothy C.; Samocha, Tzachi M.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.11.021

Cited by 243 publications

(231 citation statements)

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“…Higher amounts of nitrate could cause stress for shrimp and reduce the growth (Plínio et al 2015;Samocha et al 2004a, b). These results suggest that by application of biofloc system for shrimp culture the water quality parameters could be effectively controlled in a more favorable trend (Xu et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Hence, TSS is considered to be an indicator for quantitative evaluation of culture system (De Schryver et al 2008). It has been reported that the optimal amount of TSS for shrimp culture is approximately between 200 and 400 mg L -1 (Plínio et al 2015;Xu et al 2016) and further increases in TSS level could cause gill irritation of organisms and biological oxygen demand (BOD) creates more stresses in shrimp (Beveridge et al 1991;Hargreaves 2006;Brune et al 2003;Ray et al 2010), whereas lower amounts of TSS could cause growth reduction of shrimp (Samocha et al 2004a;Ekasari et al 2016). Proper management of TSS level could be useful for both shrimp and biofloc system (Cohen et al 2005;Ebeling et al 2006;De Schryver et al 2008;Ray et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

et al. 2017

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Different levels of dietary soybean meal (SBM) as a fish meal (FM) replacer, with and without amino acid supplementation, for whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in the biofloc system was examined in eight weeks of feeding trial. Eight experimental diets consisted of a basal diet with 0% FM replacement by SBM provided in clear sea water without biofloc system (S 0 SW), four diets replacing FM at 0% (S 0 ), 33% (S 33 ), 67% (S 67 ) and 100% (S 100 ) by SBM, and three diets replacing FM at 33% (S 33 A), 67% (S 67 A) and 100% (S 100 A) by SBM supplemented with amino acids (methionine and lysine) in the seawater biofloc system. Results of water quality analyses showed significantly lower total suspended solids and nitrate for S 0 SW group than all other treatments. Diets S 0 and S 33 A resulted in higher weight gain and specific growth rate among all groups, with no significant differences with S 33 group. In addition, whole-body protein and amino acid compositions of shrimp fed S 0 SW were lower than most biofloc groups. Haemolymph parameters showed significant differences in total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride between groups S 0 and S 0 SW. Also, superoxide dismutase activity showed a decreasing trend with increasing replacement level. In conclusion, based on these results, SBM could replace up to 33% of FM with or without amino acid supplementation in juvenile whiteleg shrimp diets reared in the biofloc system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

et al. 2017

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“…Since great amounts of free CO 2 are released by heterotrophic bacteria in bioflocs tanks, they frequently require regular liming to keep alkalinity high (Martins, Tarouco, Rosa, & Robaldo, 2017). If liming is not performed as required, alkalinity might decrease quickly (Xu, Morris, & Samocha, 2016). Feeding restriction raised alkalinity in bioflocs tanks (BF and BP).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Nile tilapia culture under feeding restriction in bioflocs and bioflocs plus periphyton tanks

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et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Intensive aquaculture systems may cause pollution in water bodies because their effluents have high levels of nutrients. The use of substrates for periphyton and the manipulation of the C: N ratio of water are technologies that can be employed to increase aquaculture yield with environmental sustainability. The present study has aimed at determining whether feeding restriction could stimulate a greater use of natural food in three different Nile tilapia rearing systems (green water, bioflocs and biophyton), without growth performance impairment. There were nine treatments with four replicates each one (36 experimental units). The animals were raised in conventional (green water) tanks, C: N-ratio adjusted tanks (bioflocs) and bioflocs + periphyton integrated tanks (biophyton). In each culture system, the artificial diet was delivered regularly or under two levels of restriction (15 and 30%). In conventional tanks, fish growth performance was reduced by feeding restriction. Ammonia and nitrite were reduced in bioflocs tanks. Underwater structures for periphyton were not able to increase ammonia and nitrite removal. In bioflocs tanks, feeding restriction of 15% did not lessen fish weigh gain. Underwater structures for periphyton have not improved fish growth performance in any aspect.Keywords: aquaculture, water quality, eutrophication.Cultivo de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus em sistemas convencional, bioflocos e biofíton sob restrição alimentar RESUMO. Sistemas intensivos de aquicultura podem causar poluição de corpos hídricos, pois os efluentes gerados nesses sistemas são caracterizados pelas altas concentrações de nutrientes. O uso de substratos para perifíton e a manipulação da relação carbono: nitrogênio da água são tecnologias que podem ser empregadas no aumento da produtividade aquícola, com sustentabilidade ambiental. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar se a restrição alimentar pode propiciar um maior aproveitamento do alimento natural, em três diferentes sistemas de cultivo (águas verdes, bioflocos e biofíton), sem prejuízo zootécnico. Foram constituídos nove tratamentos com quatro repetições cada um, totalizando 36 unidades experimentais. Os animais foram cultivados em tanques convencionais (águas verdes), com ajuste da relação C: N da água (bioflocos) e com integração entre bioflocos e perifíton (biofíton). Em cada sistema de cultivo, houve oferta regular ou sob restrição (15 e 30%) de ração artificial. Nos tanques convencionais, o desempenho produtivo dos peixes foi reduzido pela restrição alimentar. A presença de bioflocos reduziu a concentração de amônia e nitrito na água. A instalação das estruturas submersas em tanques com bioflocos não foi capaz de elevar a remoção de amônia e nitrito da água. Nos sistemas com bioflocos, o nível de restrição alimentar de 15% não causou prejuízo ao ganho em peso animal. A instalação de estruturas submersas para perifíton não afetou de modo significativo o peso corporal final dos peixes cultivados.Palavras-chave: aquicultur...

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“…Las tasas de crecimiento de los tratamientos con sistema de biofloc, aumentan a medida que se disminuye la relación C:N del sistema, debido al tipo de microorganismo del biofloc. XU et al (2016) observaron que, el biofloc con la dominancia del mix microalgas, bacterias heterotróficas y bacterias autotróficas es más beneficioso para el crecimiento del camarón en los sistemas de cultivo con intercambio cero y alta densidad, si comparados con los sistemas donde dominan las bacterias heterotróficas unicamente. Esta condición ha mejorado la tasa de conversión alimenticia, del tratamiento CN10 (1.37).…”

Section: Composición Proximal (%) Tratamientounclassified

Cultivo de alevinos de tilápia em sistema de bioflocos sob diferentes relações carbono/nitrogênio

et al. 2017

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RESUMONa presente pesquisa, avaliou-se o efeito da relação carbono/nitrogênio (C:N), na qualidade da água, produtividade e composição centesimal dos alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus durante 58 dias de cultivo. O desenho experimental consistiu em quatro tratamentos: um sistema convencional (controle) e três sistemas de biofloco (CN10, CN15 e CN20). Foram utilizadas 12 unidades experimentais de 0,04 m 3 , com 30 peixes (750 peixes m -3 ) com peso médio individual de 1,55±0,01 g. Verificou-se a existência de interação entre os parâmetros de qualidade da água do sistema de biofloco e os parâmetros produtivos dos alevinos de tilapia. O tratamento CN10 apresentou uma baixa produção de sólidos sedimentáveis, 38,61±0,54 mL L -1 (p<0,05), fato esse que contribuiu para o rápido crescimento dos indivíduos (21,7±2,18 g), atingindo uma produtividade final média de 15,50±0,81 kg m -3 (p<0,05). É possível concluir que o cultivo de alevinos de O. niloticus no sistema biofloco, com uma relação C:N de 10, apresentou o melhor rendimento de produção quando comparado aos outros tratamentos (CN15 e CN20).Palavras-chave: peixe, qualidade da água, crescimento, biofloco, proteína RESUMENEn la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto de la relación carbono/nitrógeno (C:N), la calidad del agua, la productividad y la composición proximal de alevines de Oreochromis niloticus durante 58 días de cultivo. El diseño experimental consistió de cuatro tratamientos: un sistema convencional (control) y tres sistemas biofloc (CN10, CN15 y CN20). Se utilizaron 12 unidades experimentales de 0.04 m 3 , con 30 peces (750 pez m -3 ) con peso promedio individual de 1.55±0.01 g. Se constató la existencia de interacción entre los parámetros de calidad de agua del sistema biofloc y los parámetros productivos de los alevines de tilapia. El tratamiento CN10 presentó una baja producción de sólidos sedimentables 38.61±0.54 mL L -1 (p<0.05), hecho que contribuyó con el rápido crecimiento de los individuos (21.7±2.18 g), alcanzando rendimientos finales promedios de 15.50±0.81 kg m -3 (p<0.05). Es posible concluir que el cultivo de alevinos de O. niloticus en sistema biofloc, con una relación C:N de 10, presentó el mejor rendimiento de producción si comparado con los otros tratamientos (CN15 y CN20).

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Effects of C/N ratio on biofloc development, water quality, and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in a biofloc-based, high-density, zero-exchange, outdoor tank system

Cited by 243 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

<b>Nile tilapia culture under feeding restriction in bioflocs and bioflocs plus periphyton tanks

Cultivo de alevinos de tilápia em sistema de bioflocos sob diferentes relações carbono/nitrogênio

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