Effects of cachexia due to cancer on whole body and skeletal muscle protein turnover

Dworzak, F.; Ferrari, Paola; Gavazzi, Cecilia; Maiorana, Carmen; Bozzetti, Federico

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980101)82:1<42::aid-cncr5>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 78 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Additionally, documentation of increased urinary excretion of nitrogen in dogs with OSA reflected increased protein turnover and greater protein catabolism in those dogs, compared with control dogs. Our results are similar to those of others 1,9,31,55 who have documented increased protein catabolism in humans with neoplasia. Urinary nitrogen excretion for dogs with OSA in the study reported here was quantitatively similar to that reported for other dogs requiring intensive care.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Indirect calorimetry has become standard for use in human and veterinary research to determine REE and metabolic energy requirements (MER). [12][13][14][15][16] Metabolic energy requirements for healthy dogs have been known for many years [17][18][19] ; however, MER have only recently been determined directly from animals with neoplasia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic alterations in dogs with osteosarcoma

Mazzaferro¹,

Hackett²,

Stein³

et al. 2001

ajvr

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic alterations in dogs with osteosarcoma

Mazzaferro¹,

Hackett²,

Stein³

et al. 2001

ajvr

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“…In patients with advanced gastric cancer, an increase in skeletal muscle protein breakdown was shown without a significant change in total body protein turnover [20]. Some of the other reported abnormalities include increased resting energy consumption, impaired muscle protein synthesis, abnormalities in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, and intracellular calcium flux.…”

Section: Neuromuscular Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer-related fatigue: An update

Sood

Moynihan

2005

Curr Oncol Rep

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Fatigue, one of the most common symptoms experienced by cancer patients, is multidimensional and is associated with significant impairment in functioning and overall quality of life. Although the precise pathophysiology of cancer-related fatigue is not well understood, a number of metabolic, cytokine, neurophysiologic, and endocrine changes have been described in these patients. A better understanding of these abnormalities is likely to lead to novel therapeutic interventions. Clinically, all patients presenting with significant fatigue should be evaluated for treatable conditions that might contribute to this symptom. Exercise and treatment of anemia are the two most established interventions for cancer-related fatigue. Psychostimulants seem promising based on early studies. Several complementary medicine treatments that showed efficacy in preliminary studies merit further testing.

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“…Although some of these mechanisms still remain to be fully elucidated, skeletal muscle wasting clearly occurs because of perturbations in muscle protein metabolism, including decreased muscle protein synthesis, increased muscle protein degradation, or a combination of both (see Figure 1). Such perturbations have been documented in tumor-bearing animals (Emery, Lovell, & Rennie, 1984;Pain, Randall, & Garlick, 1984;Samuels et al, 2001) and in weight-losing cancer patients (Drowzak, Ferrari, Gavazzi, Maiorana, & Bozzetti, 1998;Emery, Edwards, Rennie, Souhami, & Halliday, 1984;Lundholm, Bylund, Holm, & Schersten, 1976;Lundholm et al, 1982).…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying Cancer-related Skeletal Muscle Wastingmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Biological Mechanisms of Cancer-Related Skeletal Muscle Wasting: The Role of Progressive Resistance Exercise

Al-Majid

Waters

2008

Biological Research For Nursing

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Cancer results in perturbations in skeletal muscle protein metabolism leading to muscle wasting. Although severe wasting is seen primarily in persons with advanced malignancies, a number of cancer patients show some degree of wasting at presentation. Although cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting is attributable, in part, to decreased muscle protein synthesis, its primary cause appears to be increased muscle protein degradation. Although several proteolytic systems may be involved, compelling evidence suggests that the major system responsible for skeletal muscle protein degradation in cancer is the ATP-dependent ubiquitin- proteasome system. Other contributing factors include proinflammatory cytokines and the tumor-released proteolysis-inducing factor. Decreased physical activity and decreased nutritional intake may also play a role. Cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting is clinically significant because of its profound effects on functional outcomes and quality of life. Nevertheless, no specific interventions have proved to be effective in preventing or reversing the problem. Interventions such as nutritional supplementation and appetite stimulants are only partially helpful. A nonpharmacologic intervention that may attenuate cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting is progressive resistance exercise training (PRT). PRT is a potent stimulus of growth in muscle mass and strength. PRT may attenuate cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting by downregulating the activity of proinflammatory cytokines and by increasing the phosphorylation of intramuscular amino acid-signaling molecules. This article discusses several cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting mechanisms and proposes how PRT might attenuate muscle wasting by counteracting some of these mechanisms.

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Effects of cachexia due to cancer on whole body and skeletal muscle protein turnover

Cited by 78 publications

References 33 publications

Metabolic alterations in dogs with osteosarcoma

Metabolic alterations in dogs with osteosarcoma

Cancer-related fatigue: An update

The Biological Mechanisms of Cancer-Related Skeletal Muscle Wasting: The Role of Progressive Resistance Exercise

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