Effects of cadmium and PCBs on reproduction of the sea star Asterias rubens: Aberrations in the early development

Besten, P.J. den; Herwig, H.J.; Zandee, D.I.; Voogt, P.A.

doi:10.1016/0147-6513(89)90078-x

Cited by 53 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Interestingly, in contrast with these phenomena of tissue/cell turnover localised at the stump level, the development/differentiation of tissues and cell lines of the regenerating arm does not show any significant variation with respect to normal regeneration. On the other hand, the unusual ultrastructural features (marked development of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, abundant lipid granules and empty vacuoles) shown by many cell types, including the blastemal cells, can possibly be interpreted in the light of activation of cell mechanisms related to steroid synthesis/metabolism (Krstic 1979, Motta 1984 and/or to detoxification processes (Schoenmakers 1980, den Besten 1998. This can possibly be referred to the MO system, which is primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum (den Besten et al 1990a(den Besten et al , 1993.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some classes (sea stars, sea urchins), long-term exposure to PCBs results in a general disturbance of steroid metabolism (i.e. lowered levels of steroids) with possible negative consequences for reproductive success and development (Voogt et al 1984, den Besten et al 1989, 1990a,b, 1991, Schweitzer et al 1997, den Besten 1998. While there is considerable published evidence that PCBs can affect steroid metabolism in both larvae and adults, the specific mechanisms of action and interference with hormone regulation have not yet been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is very probable that exposure to PCB contamination can induce variations in times and mechanisms in the physiology of regenerative development. Many echinoderms are benthic animals that are particularly susceptible to the presence of micropollutants stored in marine sediments, including PCBs (den Besten et al 1989, Anderson et al 1994, Schweitzer et al 1997. They therefore offer a wide range of models for studying regenerative developmental processes and assessing the growth-disrupting activity of PCBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is good evidence that vertebrate-type steroids can be synthesized in echinoderms and that a number of physiological phenomena related to sexual and asexual reproduction, growth, development and even defence strategies can be regulated and mediated by a combination of endocrine mechanisms analogous to those seen in vertebrates (Shoenmarkers 1979, 1980, Shirai & Walker 1988, Voogt et al 1990, Aminin et al 1995, Marsh & Walker 1995, Shubina et al 1998. A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system present in echinoderms is involved in both the metabolism of endogenous substrates, such as steroids, and of xenobiotics (Meyer & Bakke 1977, Landrum & Crosby 1981, Malins & Roubal 1982, Mercier et al 1994, den Besten 1998. In some classes (sea stars, sea urchins), long-term exposure to PCBs results in a general disturbance of steroid metabolism (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PCB exposure and regeneration in crinoids (Echinodermata)

Carnevali¹,

Bonasoro²,

Patruno³

et al. 2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Echinoderm regeneration provides a convenient and tractable test to monitor the effects of persistent micropollutants on the developmental physiology of marine animals. Regeneration involves crucial and sensitive biological processes (cell proliferation, morphogenesis, differentiation, tissue renewal) that make it an ideal tool to assess micropollutants at the tissue and cellular level. Our results provide evidence that the regenerative response in the crinoid Antedon mediterranea is especially sensitive to PCBs and that exposure to these chemicals induces significant variations in timing and modality of arm regeneration. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations of Aroclor ® 1260 (14 ng l -1 of total PCBs), typical of moderately polluted coastal zones, results in abnormal arm growth in terms of both gross morphology and microscopic anatomy. In terms of tissue/cellular aspects the main modifications are: accelerated growth of the regenerate; massive cell migration/proliferation; hypertrophic development of the coelomic canals; and, extensive rearrangement of differentiated tissues of the stump. The anomalies observed in the developmental regenerative processes appear to be compatible with a pattern of pseudo-endocrine activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

PCB exposure and regeneration in crinoids (Echinodermata)

Carnevali¹,

Bonasoro²,

Patruno³

et al. 2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…In addition, A. rubens is a top predator, feeding mainly on mussels, and lives on or in proximity to bottom sediments, which are the main reservoir of many contaminants, including PCBs. The biological and ecological characteristics of A. rubens as well as its potential economic impact (as a predator of commercially important mussels) have led some authors to use this species as a tool to assess the degree of PCB contamination in the North Sea (den Besten et al 1989, Everaarts et al 1998. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated PCB bioaccumulation processes in A. rubens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineation of PCB uptake pathways in a benthic sea star using a radiolabelled congener

Danis¹,

Cotret²,

Teyssié³

et al. 2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Asterias rubens (Linnaeus, 1758), a common sea star in North Sea waters, was selected to study the bioaccumulation of an important polychlorinated biphenyl congener, 14 C-labelled PCB#153, from 2 contrasting sources: seawater and sediments. After 4 wk acclimation to laboratory conditions, sea stars were exposed for 34 d to realistic concentrations (30 ng l -1 in seawater and 9.5 ng g -1 dry wt in sediments) of the contaminant during which time bioaccumulation of PCB#153 was followed in 6 body compartments. The results showed that (1) for each body compartment, PCB uptake kinetics were generally asymptotic and bioaccumulation was far greater when A. rubens was exposed via seawater than via sediments; (2) body wall and podia were the body compartments showing the greatest affinity for the PCB congener, making them ideal tissues for biomonitoring purposes; (3) the concentrations reached in body compartments were within the range of values reported in several field studies. Because radioisotopic techniques are extremely sensitive, they allow key organs that are sometimes too small for standard analysis of PCBs to be taken into account. KEY WORDS: Polychlorinated biphenyls · PCB#153 · Bioaccumulation · Kinetics · Asterias rubens · EchinodermResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Mar Ecol Prog Ser 253: 155-163, 2003, Everaarts et al. 1998. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated PCB bioaccumulation processes in A. rubens. The only 2 experimental studies investigating PCB bioaccumulation in echinoderms concern sea urchins exposed to contaminated sediments (Weisberg et al. 1996, Schweitzer et al. 2000, and only Weisberg et al. (1996) examined the kinetic aspects of PCB uptake.Such data are however needed to further assess the value of Asterias rubens as a bioindicator of PCB contamination. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated the kinetics of PCB uptake in A. rubens exposed either to the contaminant in seawater or associated with sediments, i.e. the 2 extreme pathways of contamination from the viewpoint of absolute PCB concentrations. Indeed, the high hydrophobicity of PCBs result in a characteristic partitioning, with concentrations in natural seawater typically in the range of pg to ng l -1 while sediment concentrations are in the range of µg to mg kg -1 (see Table 1). The PCB congener IUPAC #153 (2, 2', 4, 4', 5, 5' hexachlorobiphenyl) was selected because it is the most abundant in marine biota (Stebbing et al. 1992) and has been shown to be an excellent indicator of total PCB contamination (Atuma et al. 1996). (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected in April 1999 from the intertidal zone at Audresselles (Pas-de-Calais, France). Prior to experimentation, specimens were acclimated to laboratory conditions for 1 mo in constantly aerated closed-circuit aquaria (salinity 36 ‰, T 16 ± 0.5 °C, 12/12 h dark/light cycle). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling. Sea stars Asterias rubensIn order to follow PCB#153 bioaccumulation under realistically ...

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Analysis of organochlorines in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) tissue samples from Alaska using gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry by an isotopic dilution technique

Wang

Atkinson

Hoover-Miller

et al. 2005

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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A gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/ITMS) method was developed for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) tissues. Tissue samples were homogenized, lyophilized and fortified with (13)C-PCBs 28, 123, 169 and 170, and then extracted with an accelerated solvent extractor with a mixture of hexane and methylene chloride (1:1, v/v). After lipid removal using a 40% H(2)SO(4)-modified silica gel column, all organochlorines were collected in one fraction and further fractionated with an activated carbon/silica gel (1:20) column into a first fraction containing OCPs, non-coplanar PCBs and (13)C-PCBs 28, 123 and 170, and a second containing PCNs, coplanar PCBs and (13)C-PCB 169. Prior to GC/MS/MS analysis, (13)C-PCB 169 was added into the first fraction as an injection standard and (13)C-PCB 170 into the second fraction to calibrate the recoveries of the fortified internal standards. This method can effectively eliminate matrix interferences, and has high selectivity and sensitivity. Recoveries averaged 45-86% for OCPs with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2-14%, 52-137% for PCBs with RSDs of 3-29% and 36-152% for PCNs with RSDs of 7-29% from lard and chicken heart samples, which were used as alternative matrices to harbor seal samples in recovery studies. The limits of detection for OCPs, PCBs and PCNs were 0.7-1.9, 1.5-8.9 and 0.5-10 pg/g dry weight, respectively. This method can be used to analyze OCPs, PCBs and PCNs in harbor seal blubber, liver and kidney samples.

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Effects of cadmium and PCBs on reproduction of the sea star Asterias rubens: Aberrations in the early development

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

PCB exposure and regeneration in crinoids (Echinodermata)

PCB exposure and regeneration in crinoids (Echinodermata)

Delineation of PCB uptake pathways in a benthic sea star using a radiolabelled congener

Analysis of organochlorines in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) tissue samples from Alaska using gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry by an isotopic dilution technique

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