Effects of cadmium on cocaine-induced changes in activity.

Nation, Jack R.; Grover, Cathy A.; Salinas, Juan A.; Pugh, C. Kyle; Peltier, Rachel; Horger, Brian A.; Bratton, Gerald D.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.105.6.998

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Of greater importance to the present investigation was the finding that the ability to form the cocainesaline discrimination was retarded in animals in the cadmium group compared with those in the control group. These latter data are consistent with previous results obtained from earlier experiments in which the toxicant has been shown to attenuate the locomotor-stimulating effects of cocaine (Nation et al, 1991(Nation et al, , 1995 and to function as an antagonist in drug self-administration preparations (Nation et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discrimination Acquisitionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The effects of cadmium contamination on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine and related drugs.

Nation¹,

Miller²

1999

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Rats were exposed to a diet containing 100 ppm cadmium chloride or a control diet. At 52 days of exposure, rats were trained to discriminate between saline and 5 mg/kg cocaine injections. After acquisition training, successive substitution tests were conducted using cocaine, the indirect dopamine agonist d-amphetamine, the mixed D1-D2 agonist apomorphine, SKF 38393 and SKF 82958 (both preferential D1 agonists), quinpirole (a preferential D2 agonist), GBR 12909 (a dopamine reuptake inhibitor), procaine (a local anesthetic), and morphine (an opiate). The results showed that cadmium-exposed rats were slower to acquire the saline-cocaine discrimination than controls. Moreover, cadmium contamination reduced substitution when apomorphine, SKF 82958, and GBR 12909 were presented during generalization testing. Also, cadmium exposure blocked tolerance to cocaine that was evident in control rats following 14 days of exposure to 60 mg/kg/day cocaine.

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Section: Discrimination Acquisitionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The effects of cadmium contamination on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine and related drugs.

Nation¹,

Miller²

1999

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…This pattern of antagonism parallels that observed with ethanol (e.g., Burkey et al 1994), as well as cocaine (e.g., Nation et al 1991Nation et al , 1995. The significance of the present findings derives jointly from the high probability of cadmium burdens stemming from the use of commercially available tobacco products (Piascik et al 1985;Yue 1992;Landsberger and Larson 1995;Wu et al 1995), and the realization that the behav-…”

Section: Referencessupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Employing an animal model, it has been shown that chronic low-level cadmium exposure diminishes the sensitivity to acute ethanol effects (Burkey et al 1994), thus stimulating an increase in the volitional intake of higher concentrations of ethanol (Nation et al 1987(Nation et al , 1989. Parallel antagonistic effects have been demonstrated in studies of intravascular cocaine self-administration (Nation et al 1996), in the effects of acute (Nation et al 1991) and repeated cocaine challenges on locomotor activity (Nation et al 1995), and on the rate-enhancing impact of cocaine on schedule-controlled responding (Burkey et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chronic exposure to cadmium attenuates behavioral sensitization to morphine

1997

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The purpose of this investigation was to assess the impact of dietary cadmium on morphine-induced changes in locomotor activity. Adult male rats were exposed ad libitum to an adulterated food supply containing 100 ppm added cadmium chloride, or an identical diet containing no added cadmium, for 45 days prior to testing for the locomotor activating effects of successive daily morphine administration (0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg per session) on locomotor activity. On day 1 of testing, increasing doses of morphine produced a dose-related suppression of activity, and this sedative effect was greater in control than in cadmium-exposed animals. Repeated morphine administration resulted in tolerance to the sedative effects of the drug, and a systematic elevation of locomotor activity over the 14-day testing period was observed, with the augmentation (sensitization) effect more pronounced in control than cadmium-exposed animals. There was no indication that conditioning (context) events played a role in the effects observed here.

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“…Included in the list of health concerns associated with cadmium toxicity are the effects of the contaminant on drugs that possess abuse liability. Using an animal model, it has been shown that chronic low-level exposure to cadmium results in subsensitivity to the locomotor activating properties of both acute (Nation et al, 1991) and repeated administrations of cocaine (Nation, Livermore, & Bratton, 1995). Perhaps by way of disturbing glutamatergic modulation of dopamine levels in the ventral mesencephalon (refer to Nation et al, 1995, for a discussion of this issue), cadmium exposure decreases responsiveness to this commonly abused psychoactive drug.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic cadmium exposure alters cocaine self-administration in adult male rats.

Nation¹,

Livermore²,

Bratton³

et al. 1996

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed to a water supply in the home cage containing 100 ppm cadmium chloride and sodium saccharin (.65% wt/vol; cadmium group) or water containing only the saccharin amendment (group control). On Day 65 of exposure, animals from each group received jugular catheter implants and were subsequently trained over the course of 15 daily 2-hr sessions to self-administer a .25 mg/kg/infusion of cocaine HC1 under a fixed-ratio 1 schedule. Immediately following acquisition training, the full dose-effect function was determined for all animals by using cocaine doses of .03, .06, .125, .25, .50, and 1.0 mg/kg. Cadmium-exposed animals executed more active (cocaine) lever responses during acquisition training but were not different from controls in depressing a pharmacologically inactive lever. For dose-effect testing, cadmiumexposed animals exhibited greater self-administration than controls at the higher doses of cocaine, and there was evidence that the cocaine dose that produced maximum responding was higher in cadmium-exposed than control animals.The pathologic consequences of recurrent exposure to metallic pollutants have been a research priority in toxicology for many years (see Klaassen, 1990, for a review). Within this investigatory framework, attempts to document human health risks attendant to repeated contact with cadmium have accelerated. The increasing interest in cadmium stems partly from the expanding literature on the links between the toxicant and the use of tobacco. Cadmium selectively accrues in tobacco leaves and is present in all commercial tobacco products (Landsberger & Larson, 1995;Piascik, Champney, Kasarskis, & Forrester, 1985;Yue 1992). Consequently, it is not surprising that cigarette smokers suffer greater body burdens of cadmium than nonsmokers (e.g., Klaassen, 1990;Piascik et al., 1985;Wolfsperger, Hauser, Gossler, & Schlagenhaufen, 1994), to an extent that individuals smoking 10-20 cigarettes or more per day have more than double the levels of blood cadmium as compared with the nonsmoking population (Maranelli, Apostoli, & Ferrari, 1990). Even filtering the tobacco smoke confers no protection, as it has been shown that unlike other heavy metals, cadmium is not prominently retained in the filter (Kalcher, Kern, & Pietsch, 1993).Included in the list of health concerns associated with cadmium toxicity are the effects of the contaminant on drugs that possess abuse liability. Using an animal model, it has been shown that chronic low-level exposure to cadmium results in

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Effects of cadmium on cocaine-induced changes in activity.

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

The effects of cadmium contamination on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine and related drugs.

The effects of cadmium contamination on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine and related drugs.

Chronic exposure to cadmium attenuates behavioral sensitization to morphine

Chronic cadmium exposure alters cocaine self-administration in adult male rats.

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