Effects of caffeine and gender on physiology and performance: Further tests of a biobehavioral model

Smith, Barry D.; Davidson, Roger; Green, R.L.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(93)90229-9

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Although lacking the rigor and exactitude of short-term duration judgements (seconds to minutes), several researchers have investigated these very long-term retrospective estimates on a time scale of years (Gallant et al, 1991;Lemlich, 1975;Walker, 1977). These types of estimates do not involve an internal clock, but they may involve recall processes that caffeine may affect (Smith et al, 1993).…”

Section: Purpose Of Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Predictions based on the effect of caffeine on recall are difficult, however, because doserelated effects are sometimes found. In low doses caffeine may improve recall (Smith et al, 1993), but in high doses caffeine may interfere with access or retrieval of reference information in long-term memory (Thor, 1986).…”

Section: Memory Recall and Retrospective Time Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of caffeine on prospective and retrospective duration judgements

Gruber

Block

2003

Human Psychopharmacology

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The effects of caffeine on prospective and retrospective duration judgements were evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. After taking either 200 mg caffeine or a placebo, participants touched a 17-sided polygon for 15 s. Then they verbally estimated the number of angles and the duration. Participants in the prospective group were told in advance they would be making a duration estimate, whereas those in the retrospective group were not told. Caffeine reduced duration estimates in the prospective condition but not in the retrospective condition. The effect of caffeine on very long duration comparisons (the past year compared with a year at one-half and one-quarter of one's age) was also evaluated, but none was found. The findings do not support the hypothesis that caffeine affects duration experience by increasing the internal clock rate as a result of its dopamine D(2) agonist properties. The hypothesis that caffeine produces its effect by enhancing memory was considered and rejected. The most parsimonious explanation is that caffeine increased arousal level, which led to a narrowing of the focus of attention to the most salient task.

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Section: Purpose Of Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Memory Recall and Retrospective Time Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of caffeine on prospective and retrospective duration judgements

Gruber

Block

2003

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…This effect may be specific to the task used (digit memory task) and to different lateralization in both genders [38]. Gender also influenced the effects of caffeine (2 and 4 mg/kg) on the recall performance of lists of words presented at a fast or slow rate.…”

Section: Short Term Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caffeine was found to either (1) exert no effects on free recall performance in sixteen studies [7][8][9]11,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]; (2) improve recall in six studies [33][34][35][36][37][38]; or (3) impair recall in three studies [8,12,39].…”

Section: Short Term Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Caffeine a Cognitive Enhancer?

Nehlig

2010

JAD

313

252

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Abstract. The effects of caffeine on cognition were reviewed based on the large body of literature available on the topic. Caffeine does not usually affect performance in learning and memory tasks, although caffeine may occasionally have facilitatory or inhibitory effects on memory and learning. Caffeine facilitates learning in tasks in which information is presented passively; in tasks in which material is learned intentionally, caffeine has no effect. Caffeine facilitates performance in tasks involving working memory to a limited extent, but hinders performance in tasks that heavily depend on working memory, and caffeine appears to rather improve memory performance under suboptimal alertness conditions. Most studies, however, found improvements in reaction time. The ingestion of caffeine does not seem to affect long-term memory. At low doses, caffeine improves hedonic tone and reduces anxiety, while at high doses, there is an increase in tense arousal, including anxiety, nervousness, jitteriness. The larger improvement of performance in fatigued subjects confirms that caffeine is a mild stimulant. Caffeine has also been reported to prevent cognitive decline in healthy subjects but the results of the studies are heterogeneous, some finding no age-related effect while others reported effects only in one sex and mainly in the oldest population. In conclusion, it appears that caffeine cannot be considered a 'pure' cognitive enhancer. The indirect action of caffeine on arousal, mood and concentration contributes in large part to its cognitive enhancing properties.

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“…Ca¤eine has been reported to increase skin conductance response (SCR) amplitudes, decrease SCR habituation (Smith et al 1993), increase plasma epinephrine levels (Benowitz et al 1995), and increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Rush et al 1993). Ca¤eine has been reported to increase nervousness and feelings of being stimulated and energetic, and decrease feelings of drowsiness and laziness (Evans and Gri¦ths 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine-induced arousal modulates somatomotor and autonomic differential classical conditioning in humans

Flaten

1998

Psychopharmacology

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Two experiments (n = 48 and n = 45) investigated the effects of caffeine-induced arousal on differential classical conditioning of eyeblink (experiment 1) and autonomic (experiment 2) responses. Three groups of human subjects received double-blind administration of 0, 2, and 4 mg/kg oral caffeine (groups 0, 2, and 4, respectively). Twenty minutes after caffeine administration, a differential classical conditioning procedure was in effect. Physiological and subjective arousal was assessed by readings of blood pressure, skin conductance level, and a questionnaire, administered before caffeine administration, and after the conditioning procedure. The results showed increased indexes of physiological arousal in groups 2 and 4. In experiment 1, differential classical eyeblink conditioning was observed in groups 0 and 4, whereas no differential conditioning was seen in group 2. In experiment 2, differential classical conditioning was seen in group 0, whereas caffeine-induced arousal masked acquisition of conditioned skin conductance responses in group 4. This group displayed increased resistance to extinction compared to the other groups. Group 2, which had an intermediate level of arousal, did not display differential conditioning in either experiment. Taken together, the results indicate that small increases in arousal may be detrimental to learning, and larger increases in arousal may reverse this effect.

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Effects of caffeine and gender on physiology and performance: Further tests of a biobehavioral model

Cited by 24 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of caffeine on prospective and retrospective duration judgements

Effect of caffeine on prospective and retrospective duration judgements

Is Caffeine a Cognitive Enhancer?

Caffeine-induced arousal modulates somatomotor and autonomic differential classical conditioning in humans

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