Effects of caffeine on mood and performance: a study of realistic consumption

Brice, Carolyn Frances; Smith, Andrew Paul

doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1175-2

Cited by 120 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This strengthens the assumption that the observed effect of caffeine within the frontal cortex was of a neuromodulatory sort. In contrast to several other psychopharmacological studies [7,8,10,76], no significant caffeine-related behavioral effects were observed. The researchers argued that this difference could be due to the rather low dosage of caffeine used in this study, which was chosen to avoid physiological side effects noticeable to the volunteers, as well as to reflect caffeine intake of common drinking habits.…”

Section: Imaging the Effects Of Caffeine On Cognitioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…Nevertheless, caffeine has been found to enhance task performance through increase of a) cortical activation, b) the rate at which information about a stimulus accumulates, c) selectivity to further processing of the primary attribute, and d) speed of motor processes via central or peripheral mechanisms [6]. It is not clear yet whether the observed beneficial effects on learning, memory, and performance derive from a direct enhancement of specific cognitive functions or can be attributed to increasing of arousal and overcoming fatigue [7][8][9][10].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Caffeine and Cognition in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Koppelstaetter

Poeppel

Siedentopf

et al. 2010

JAD

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Abstract. Caffeine has been consumed since ancient times due to its beneficial effects on attention, psychomotor function, and memory. Caffeine exerts its action mainly through an antagonism of cerebral adenosine receptors, although there are important secondary effects on other neurotransmitter systems. Recently, functional MRI (fMRI) entered the field of neuropharmacology to explore the intracerebral sites and mechanisms of action of pharmacological agents. However, as caffeine possesses vasoconstrictive properties it may interfere with the mechanisms underlying the functional contrast in fMRI. Yet, only a limited number of studies dealt with the effect of caffeine on measures in fMRI. Even fewer neuroimaging studies examined the effects that caffeine exerts on cognition: Portas and colleagues used fMRI in an attentional task under different levels of arousal (sleep deprivation or caffeine administration), concluding that the thalamus is involved in mediating the interaction of attention and arousal. Bendlin and colleagues found caffeine to stabilize the extent of neuronal activation in repetitive word stem completion, counteracting the general task practice effect. Recently, Koppelstaetter and colleagues assessed the effect of caffeine on verbal working memory demonstrating a modulatory effect of caffeine on brain regions (medial frontopolar and anterior cingulate cortex) that have been associated with attentional and executive functions. This review surveys and discusses neuroimaging findings on 1) how caffeine affects the contrast underlying fMRI techniques, particularly the blood oxygen level dependent contrast (BOLD fMRI), and 2) how caffeine operates on neuronal activity underlying cognition, to understand the effect of caffeine on behavior and its neurobiological underpinnings.

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Section: Imaging the Effects Of Caffeine On Cognitioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and Cognition in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Koppelstaetter

Poeppel

Siedentopf

et al. 2010

JAD

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“…In addition, psychostimulants, such as caffeine, are usually thought of as nootropics [e.g. 15,26,49]. This folklore is exemplified by the advertisement campaign of the original Coca-Cola that contained cocaine, declaring it "the brain tonic and intellectual sodafountain beverage" [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine and Pavlovian fear conditioning: Dose–effect analysis

Wood

Fay

Sage

et al. 2007

Behavioural Brain Research

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Emerging evidence suggests that cocaine and other drugs of abuse can interfere with many aspects of cognitive functioning. The authors examined the effects of 0.1 -15 mg/kg of cocaine on Pavlovian contextual and cued fear conditioning in mice. As expected, pre-training cocaine dose-dependently produced hyperactivity and disrupted freezing. Surprisingly, when the mice were tested off-drug later, the group pre-treated with a moderate dose of cocaine (15 mg/kg) displayed significantly less contextual and cued memory, compared to saline control animals. Conversely, mice pre-treated with a very low dose of cocaine (0.1 mg/kg) showed significantly enhanced fear memory for both context and tone, compared to controls. These results were not due to cocaine's anesthetic effects, as shock reactivity was unaffected by cocaine. The data suggest that despite cocaine's reputation as a performance-enhancing and anxiogenic drug, this effect is seen only at very low doses, whereas a moderate dose disrupts hippocampus and amygdala-dependent fear conditioning. KeywordsHippocampus; Amygdala; Freezing; Memory A growing body of evidence supports the view that drugs of abuse interfere with many aspects of cognitive functioning. For example, cocaine use has been linked to deficits in such cognitive areas as attention, cognitive flexibility, and short-term and working memory [34,43]. However, these findings in humans are controversial as cocaine use is naturally confounded with many other variables [e.g. 23, 27, 31]. Some studies, in fact, provide evidence for enhancement of certain cognitive abilities in cocaine users [e.g. 27, 50]. Relatively few studies in animals have examined the effects of cocaine on learning outside of the realm of addiction (e.g. selfadministration, place preference, sensitization). Indeed, several studies have focused on the mechanisms underlying addiction, including structural plasticity [see 41 for review], but few have examined the acute, behavioral effects of cocaine in rodents on simple learning and memory paradigms. We believe that most researchers implicitly assume, as we once did, that cocaine, as a psychostimulant, would naturally enhance learning and memory. However, evidence now exists linking cocaine use with specific cognitive deficits [5,25,34,43] as well as with general problems such as unemployment [35]. Moreover, a view has emerged that addictive drugs such as cocaine may work by taking control of critical reinforcement-related learning and memory circuits in the brain [28]. If cocaine modulates such circuits, then it may 1 Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Suzanne C. Wood,

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“…A number of studies have examined the benefits of daytime caffeine consumption in nonexperimentally sleep-deprived individuals (Loke et al 1985;Lieberman et al 1987;Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos et al 1990;Nehlig et al 1992;Dimpfel et al 1993;Spriet 1995;Lorist et al 1996;Kaplan et al 1997;Brice et al 2002;Lorist et al 2003;Cysneiros et al 2007). The performance tasks used in these studies measure reaction time and motor speed, speed of information processing, vigilance and attention, immediate and delayed verbal memory, as well as mood and alertness (for review see (Nehlig et al 1992;Lorist et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the benefits of caffeine, naps and placebo on verbal, motor and perceptual memory

Mednick

Cai

Kanady

et al. 2008

Behavioural Brain Research

108

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Caffeine, the world's most common psychoactive substance, is used by approximately 90% of North Americans everyday. Little is known, however, about its benefits for memory. Napping has been shown to increase alertness and promote learning on some memory tasks. We directly compared caffeine (200mg) with napping (60-90 minutes) and placebo on three distinct memory processes: declarative verbal memory, procedural motor skills, and perceptual learning. In the verbal task, recall and recognition for unassociated words were tested after a 7hr retention period (with a betweensession nap or drug intervention). A second, different, word list was administered post-intervention and memory was tested after a 20min retention period. The non-declarative tasks (finger tapping task and texture discrimination task) were trained before the intervention and then retested afterwards. Naps enhanced recall of words after a 7hr and 20min retention interval relative to both caffeine and placebo. Caffeine significantly impaired motor learning compared to placebo and naps. Napping produced robust perceptual learning compared with placebo; however, naps and caffeine were not significantly different. These findings provide evidence of the limited benefits of caffeine for memory improvement compared with napping. We hypothesize that impairment from caffeine may be restricted to tasks that contain explicit information; whereas strictly implicit learning is less compromised.

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Effects of caffeine on mood and performance: a study of realistic consumption

Abstract: These results suggest that previous findings from studies using a large single dose may be applicable to normal patterns of caffeine consumption.

Cited by 120 publications

References 22 publications

Caffeine and Cognition in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Caffeine and Cognition in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cocaine and Pavlovian fear conditioning: Dose–effect analysis

Comparing the benefits of caffeine, naps and placebo on verbal, motor and perceptual memory

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