Effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure and serum lipids and carotenoids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

Chai, Weiwen; Cooney, Robert V.; Franke, Adrian A.; Bostick, Roberd M.

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.07.003

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Chai et al [84], studied effect of combination of calcium and vitamin D supplementation or alone on lipid profile of 92 subjects. 800 IU of vitamin D 3 and 2 g of elemental calcium was supplemented for 6 months.…”

Section: Intervention Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of vitamin D and metabolic syndrome: A review

Prasad

Kochhar

2016

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

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Section: Intervention Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of vitamin D and metabolic syndrome: A review

Prasad

Kochhar

2016

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

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“…The same author found no statistically significant differences between the blood pressures men who received calcium supplementation and men who received placebo treatment for 2 years (75). Another study also reported elevated systolic blood pressure related to calcium supplementation, although this finding was not clinically significant (76).…”

Section: Calcium and Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 73%

“…Another study conducted by Reid reported no significant changes in lipids in men who received placebo or elemental calcium supplementation (600 to 1,200 mg/day) for 2 years (75). A decrease in triglyceride level following calcium supplementation has also been reported (76). In contrast, no significant change was observed in the serum lipids of 193 patients who were subjected to calcium supplementation (85).…”

Section: Calcium and Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Calcium intake: good for the bones but bad for the heart? An analysis of clinical studies

Lima

Barros

et al. 2016

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

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The proper dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation, when indicated, are important factors in the acquisition of peak bone mass during youth and in the prevention of fractures in old age. In addition to its deposition in bone, calcium confers an increase in its resistance and exhibits important activities in different enzymatic pathways in the body (e.g., neural, hormonal, muscle-related and blood clotting pathways). Thus, calcium supplementation can directly or indirectly affect important functions in the body, such as the control of blood pressure, plasma glucose, body weight, lipid profile and endothelial function. Since one publication reported increased cardiovascular risk due to calcium supplementation, many researchers have studied whether this risk actually exists; the results are conflicting, and the involved mechanisms are uncertain. However, studies that have evaluated the influence of the consumption of foods rich in calcium have reported no increase in the cardiovascular risk, which suggests that nutritional intake should be prioritized as a method for supplementation and that the use of calcium supplements should be reserved for patients who truly need supplementation and are unable to achieve the recommended daily nutritional intake of calcium. Arch Endocrinol Metab.2016;60(3):252-63

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“…Some studies report that supplemental Ca may cause beneficial changes in circulating lipids (73,74) , whereas several studies found no effect (75)(76)(77)(78) . In contrast, Ca supplementation as compared with placebo for 12 months improved the lipid profile in a randomisedcontrolled trial of postmenopausal women, and this improvement was still observed at the 3-year follow-up (73) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a clinical trial to assess the effect of dietary calciumv.supplemental calcium on vascular and bone markers in healthy postmenopausal women

et al. 2016

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Whether supplemental Ca has similar effects to dietary Ca on vascular and bone markers is unknown. The present trial investigated the feasibility of applying dietary and supplemental interventions in a randomised-controlled trial (RCT) aiming to estimate the effect of supplemental Ca as compared with dietary Ca on vascular and bone markers in postmenopausal women. In total, thirteen participants were randomised to a Ca supplement group (CaSuppl) (750 mg Ca from CaCO 3 + 450 mg Ca from food + 20 µg vitamin D supplement) or a Ca diet group (CaDiet) (1200 mg Ca from food + 10 µg vitamin D supplement). Participants were instructed on Ca consumption targets at baseline. Monthly telephone follow-ups were conducted to assess adherence to interventions (±20 % of target total Ca) using the multiple-pass 24-h recall method and reported pill count. Measurements of arterial stiffness, peripheral blood pressure and body composition were performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months in all participants who completed the trial (n 9). Blood and serum biomarkers were measured at baseline and at 12 months. Both groups were compliant to trial interventions (±20 % of target total Ca intake; pill count ≥80 %). CaSuppl participants maintained a significantly lower average dietary Ca intake compared with CaDiet participants throughout the trial (453 (SD 187) mg/d v. 1241 (SD 319) mg/d; P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in selected vascular outcomes between intervention groups over time. Our pilot trial demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a large-scale RCT to estimate the differential effects of supplemental and dietary Ca on vascular and bone health markers in healthy postmenopausal women.Key words: Dietary interventions: Calcium: Arterial stiffness: Postmenopausal women Adequate intakes of Ca and vitamin D are essential for optimal bone health throughout adulthood to prevent osteoporosis and related fractures (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) . Current dietary reference intakes for Ca have been established by the Institute of Medicine for women over 50 years of age -that is, the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), RDA and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) are 1000, 1200 and 2000 mg/d, respectively (7) . However, adequate intake of Ca can be difficult to achieve through dietary sources alone (8,9) .According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 data, less than 10 % of American women over 50 years of age reached an intake of 1200 mg/d of Ca from food alone (8) . Similarly, over 80 % of Canadian women over 50 years of age had a Ca intake <1000 mg/d from dietary sources according to the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (9) . Thus, to ensure adequate total Ca intake for skeletal integrity, Ca supplements are widely recommended (10,11) . Collectively, data from North America documented that 49-67 % of women aged 50-70 years and 60-65 % of those over 71 years of age reported using supplements that contain Ca (8,9) .Ca supplementation is generally well tolerated but can be associated with ...

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Effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure and serum lipids and carotenoids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

Cited by 46 publications

References 38 publications

Interplay of vitamin D and metabolic syndrome: A review

Interplay of vitamin D and metabolic syndrome: A review

Calcium intake: good for the bones but bad for the heart? An analysis of clinical studies

Feasibility of a clinical trial to assess the effect of dietary calciumv.supplemental calcium on vascular and bone markers in healthy postmenopausal women

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