Effects of calcium, dairy product, and vitamin D supplementation on bone mass accrual and body composition in 10–12-y-old girls: a 2-y randomized trial

Cheng, Sulin; Lyytikäinen, Arja; Kröger, Heikki; Lamberg‐Allardt, Christel; Alén, Markku; Koistinen, Arvo; Wang, Qing Ju; Suuriniemi, Miia; Suominen, Harri; Mahonen, Anitta; Nicholson, Patrick; Ivaska, Kaisa K.; Korpela, Riitta; Ohlsson, Claes; Väänänen, Kalervo; Tylavsky, Frances A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1115

Cited by 194 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The adolescent subjects of this report are a part of the CALEX (calcium and exercise) study, which has been described elsewhere. (27)(28)(29) Briefly, the girls were first contacted via class teachers in grades 4 to 6 (age 9 to 13 years) in 61 schools in the city of Jyväskylä and its surroundings in central Finland (96% of all the schools in these areas). Of those eligible, 396 girls participated in laboratory tests one to eight times over a maximum period of 8 years (mean duration of total follow-up was 7.5 years).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fat mass accumulation compromises bone adaptation to load in finnish women: A cross-sectional study spanning three generations

Xu¹,

Nicholson²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Body weight and lean mass correlate with bone mass, but the relationship between fat mass and bone remains elusive. The study population consisted of 396 girls and 138 premenopausal mothers and 114 postmenopausal grandmothers of these girls. Body composition and tibial length were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bone traits were determined at the tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in the girls at the ages of 11.2 AE 0.8, 13.2 AE 0.9, and 18.3 AE 1.0 years and in the mothers (44.7 AE 4.1 years) and grandmothers (70.7 AE 6.3 years). The values of relative bone strength index (RBSI), an index reflecting the ratio of bone strength to the load applied on the tibia, were correlated among family members (all p < .05). The mean values of RBSI were similar among 11-and 18-year-old girls and premenopausal women but significantly lower in 13-year-old girls and postmenopausal women. However, in each age group, subjects in the highest BMI tertiles had the lowest RBSI values (all p < .01). RBSI was inversely associated with body weight (all p < .01), indicating a deficit in bone strength relative to the applied load from greater body weight. RBSI was inversely associated with fat mass (all p < .001) across age groups and generations but remained relatively constant with increasing lean mass in girls and premenopausal women (all p > .05), indicating that the bone-strength deficit was attributable to increased fat mass, not lean mass. Moreover, the adverse effect of fat mass was age-dependent, with every unit increase in fat mass associated with a greater decrease in RBSI in pre-and postmenopausal women than in girls (all p < .001). This is largely due to the different capacity of young and adult bones to increase diaphyseal width by periosteal apposition in response to increased load. In summary, increasing body weight with fat accumulation is accompanied by an age-dependent relative bone-strength deficit in women because the beneficial effects of increased fat mass on bone, if any, do not compensate for the mechanical burden that it imposes. ß

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 235 girls participated in both body composition and bone assessment in the 7-year follow-up (mean age 18.3 years). Since no intervention effects on bone mass were found, (27)(28)(29) data were pooled in this analysis.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat mass accumulation compromises bone adaptation to load in finnish women: A cross-sectional study spanning three generations

Xu¹,

Nicholson²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…(13,15) Briefly, 396 girls recruited in the city of Jyväskylä and its surroundings in Central Finland participated in the laboratory tests 1 to 8 times from 2000 to 2008 (mean duration of total follow-up was 7.5 years) and the data of girls at the early adult stage (mean age 18.1 yrs) measured in 2007 and 2008 were used in this study. In addition, 257 biological mothers and 111 maternal grandmothers of these girls were invited to participate in the bone measurements in the years 2003, 2004, 2007, and 2008.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios

Wang

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Bone adapts to mechanical loads applied on it. During aging, loads decrease to a greater extent at those skeletal sites where loads increase most in earlier life. Thus, the loss of bone may occur preferentially at sites where most bone has been deposited previously; ie, bone loss could be the directional reversal of accrual. To test this hypothesis, we compared the bone mass distribution at weight-bearing (tibia) and non-weight-bearing (radius) bones among 18-year-old girls, their premenopausal mothers, and their postmenopausal maternal grandmothers. Bone and muscle properties were measured by pQCT, and polar distribution of bone mass was obtained in 55 girl-mother-maternal grandmother trios. Site-matched differences in bone mass were compared among three generations. The differences between girls and mothers and between mothers and grandmothers were used to represent the patterns of bone mass accrual from early adulthood to middle age and bone loss from middle to old age, respectively. Compared to the mothers, 18-year old girls had less bone mass in the anterior and medial-posterior regions of the tibial shaft, while the grandmothers had less bone in the anterior and posterior regions. In contrast, the bone mass differences in the radial shaft between girls and mothers and mothers and grandmothers were relatively uniform. We conclude that both bone accrual and loss are direction-specific in weight-bearing bones but relatively uniform in non-weight-bearing bones. Bone loss in old age is largely, but not completely, a reversal of the preferential deposition of bone in the most highly loaded regions during early life. ß

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“…Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) enables volumetric (v) measurement of peripheral bone properties (including vBMD) and the distinction between cortical and trabecular bone [12], otherwise unattainable in the standard aBMD quantification by DXA. Few studies investigating the effects of dairy product intake, however, have used pQCT for bone measurement [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy product intake and bone properties in 70-year-old men and women

et al. 2018

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Summary In the present population-based study including 70-year-old men and women, total dairy product intake was associated with a weak positive association with tibia trabecular and cortical cross-sectional areas. Purpose Milk consumption has recently been suggested to increase fracture risk. Therefore, we aimed to investigate associations between dairy product consumption and peripheral bone properties. Furthermore, we explored whether consumption of milk and fermented dairy products affected bone properties differently. Methods The Healthy Aging Initiative is a population-based, cross-sectional study investigating the health of 70-year-old men and women. Out of the 2904 individuals who met the inclusion criteria, data on self-reported daily dairy product consumption (dl/ day), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) examinations at the 4 and 66% scan sites of the tibia and radius, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were collected from 2040 participants. Associations between dairy product consumption and bone properties were examined using multiple linear regression models adjusted for sex, muscle area, meal size, dietary protein proportion, current smoking status, and objectively measured physical activity. Results Total dairy product intake was associated with larger trabecular (2.296 (95% CI, 0.552-4.039) mm 2 , per dl/day increase, p = 0.01) and cortical cross-sectional areas (CSAs) in the tibia (1.757 (95% CI, 0.683-2.830 mm 2 , p = 0.001) as measured by pQCT and higher areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of the radius (3.231 (95% CI, 0.764-5.698) mg/cm 2 , p = 0.01) as measured by DXA. No other measurement in the tibia, radius, femoral neck, or lower spine was associated significantly with dairy product intake. Bone properties did not differ according to the type of dairy product consumed. Conclusion No evidence of a negative association between dairy product consumption and bone health was found. Furthermore, total dairy product consumption was associated with increased CSAs in the tibia, regardless of dairy product type. Collectively, our findings indicate the existence of a weak but significant positive association between dairy product consumption bone properties in older adults.

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Effects of calcium, dairy product, and vitamin D supplementation on bone mass accrual and body composition in 10–12-y-old girls: a 2-y randomized trial

Cited by 194 publications

References 34 publications

Fat mass accumulation compromises bone adaptation to load in finnish women: A cross-sectional study spanning three generations

Fat mass accumulation compromises bone adaptation to load in finnish women: A cross-sectional study spanning three generations

Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios

Dairy product intake and bone properties in 70-year-old men and women

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