Effects of cannabinoids on neuropeptide Y and β-endorphin expression in the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus

Bakkali-Kassemi, Lamiae; Ouezzani, Seloua El; Magoul, Rabia; Merroun, Ikram; López-Jurado, Marı́a; Errami, M.

doi:10.1017/s0007114510004095

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the present study, we report that CB2 receptor is expressed in the VMN and ARC nucleus of the hypothalamus and it is known that cannabinoid CB1 receptors are expressed in GABAergic fibres entering the ARC, being capable of modulating GABA release onto POMC neurones (38). Similarly, pharmacological blockade of CB1 receptors by both rimonabant and AM251 has been reported to decrease NPY expression in the ARC (39, 40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Overexpression of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor in the Brain Induces Hyperglycaemia and a Lean Phenotype in Adult Mice

Romero-Zerbo

García-Gutiérrez²,

Suárez

et al. 2012

J Neuroendocrinology

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It is well known that the endocannabinoid system, through cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation, has an important role in the main aspects of energy balance (i.e. food intake, energy expenditure and glucose and fat metabolism), orchestrating all the machinery involved in body weight control and energy homeostasis. A number of studies have revealed a crucial role of brain CB1 receptors in these processes. However, functional cannabinoid CB2 receptors have also been described in the brain, with no studies addressing their putative role in body weight control and glucose homeostasis. We have tested this hypothesis by analysing fasting-induced feeding, body weight, some hypothalamic neuropeptides, glucose tolerance and plasma hormones in an animal model specifically overexpressing CB2 receptors in the central nervous system. We found that specific overexpression of CB2 receptors in the brain promoted higher basal glucose levels, decreased fasting-induced feeding and, eventually, led to a lean phenotype and glucose intolerance. These findings could not be attributed to decreased locomotor activity, increased anxiety or depressive-like behaviours. The expression of relevant neuropeptides such as pro-opiomelanocortin and galanin in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus was altered but not those of the CB1 receptor. Indeed, no changes in CB1 expression were found in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor expression in the endocrine pancreas and glucagon plasma levels were decreased. No changes in plasma adiponectin, leptin, insulin and somatostatin were found. Taken together, these results suggest a role for central cannabinoid CB2 receptors in body weight control and glucose homeostasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Overexpression of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor in the Brain Induces Hyperglycaemia and a Lean Phenotype in Adult Mice

Romero-Zerbo

García-Gutiérrez²,

Suárez

et al. 2012

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…Besides the effects of endocannabinoids on the limbic forebrain and brainstem, their orexigenic actions were recently correlated with an increase in NPY and the POMC-derived β-endorphin (97) and a change in POMC neuronal activity (2, 98, 99). …”

Section: Regulation Of Pomc Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

POMC Neurons: From Birth to Death

Toda

Santoro

Kim

et al. 2017

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

132

121

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The hypothalamus is an evolutionarily conserved brain structure that regulates an organism’s basic functions, such as homeostasis and reproduction. Several hypothalamic nuclei and neuronal circuits have been the focus of many studies to understand their role in regulating these basic functions. Within the hypothalamic neuronal populations, the arcuate melanocortin system plays a major role in controlling homeostatic functions. The arcuate pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in particular have been shown to be critical regulators of metabolism and reproduction because of their projections to several brain areas both in and outside of the hypothalamus, such as autonomic regions of the brain stem and spinal cord. Here, we review and discuss the current understanding of POMC neurons from their development and intracellular regulators to their physiological functions and pathological dysregulation.

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“…Far away from the soma, thin fibers, probably axonal collaterals, arise from these POMC dendrites, suggesting that dendritic and axonal functions are not fully separate spatially or functionally [193]. POMC dendrites extending as far rostrally as the preoptic region were shown to release endocannabinoids to control local GABAergic inhibition [193], while in the opposite direction cannabinoids control the expression of β-END [194]. As dendrites from POMC-neurons extend and release substances far outside the anatomical border of the ARH itself, it seems worthwhile to study dendritic release mechanisms and their role in the interneuronal POMC interactions.…”

Section: β-End In the Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume transmission of beta-endorphin via the cerebrospinal fluid; a review

Veening

Gerrits

Barendregt

2012

Fluids Barriers CNS

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There is increasing evidence that non-synaptic communication by volume transmission in the flowing CSF plays an important role in neural mechanisms, especially for extending the duration of behavioral effects. In the present review, we explore the mechanisms involved in the behavioral and physiological effects of β-endorphin (β-END), especially those involving the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as a message transport system to reach distant brain areas. The major source of β-END are the pro-opio-melano-cortin (POMC) neurons, located in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (ARH), bordering the 3rd ventricle. In addition, numerous varicose β-END-immunoreactive fibers are situated close to the ventricular surfaces. In the present paper we surveyed the evidence that volume transmission via the CSF can be considered as an option for messages to reach remote brain areas. Some of the points discussed in the present review are: release mechanisms of β-END, independence of peripheral versus central levels, central β-END migration over considerable distances, behavioral effects of β-END depend on location of ventricular administration, and abundance of mu and delta opioid receptors in the periventricular regions of the brain.

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Effects of cannabinoids on neuropeptide Y and β-endorphin expression in the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Overexpression of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor in the Brain Induces Hyperglycaemia and a Lean Phenotype in Adult Mice

Overexpression of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor in the Brain Induces Hyperglycaemia and a Lean Phenotype in Adult Mice

POMC Neurons: From Birth to Death

Volume transmission of beta-endorphin via the cerebrospinal fluid; a review

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