Effects of Capsinoid on Serum and Liver Lipids in Hyperlipidemic Rats

Tani, Yumiko; Fujioka, Toshiaki; Sumioka, Miyuki; Furuichi, Yukio; Hamada, Hiroki; Watanabe, Tatsuo

doi:10.3177/jnsv.50.351

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Treatment of hyperlipidemic rats with capsaicin reduces levels of serum-and hepatic lipids, accompanied by high-and low activity of hepatic TG lipase and fatty acid synthetase, respectively. 33) In our study, these compounds did not block LD formation. A possible interpretation of this inconsistency is that the potency of OA to induce LDs is so high that the inhibitory effects of the compounds are overwhelmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Long-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Lipid Droplet Formation in a Cultured Human Hepatocyte in a Manner Dependent of Acyl-CoA Synthetase

Fujimoto

Onoduka

Homma

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Various organisms store energy in a form of neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE). In mammals, these neutral lipids are intracellularly stored as typically seen in adipocytes, hepatocytes, steroidogenic cells and macrophage-derived foam cells. Storage of lipids has merits allows for energy preservation and synthesis of lipoproteins and steroid hormones. However, excess accumulation often leads to disorders such as obesity, fatty liver and atherosclerosis.1) It is therefore important to understand how neutral lipids are stored and mobilized intracellularly, as these mechanisms largely remain unclear. In animal cells, neutral lipids are deposited in intracellular compartments called lipid droplets (LDs, also called lipid storage droplets, lipid bodies or lipid particles). TG and CE are packed in LDs coated with phospholipid monolayer. 2,3)The liver is the center of lipid metabolism in the body. It recovers and synthesizes lipid molecules and reconstitutes them as lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which are secreted into the circulation and distributed throughout the body. Thus, hepatic cells are important stores of neutral lipids and act as a physiological buffer. Increased accumulation of neutral lipids often causes fatty liver disease accompanied by LD formation in the hepatocytes. Recently, attention has been focused on hepatic steatosis as a part of the metabolic syndrome since this is intimately related to other signs and symptoms of the syndrome including obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.4) Hepatic steatosis is also induced by factors other than nutrients, including drugs and toxic reagents. 5)In this study, we tested LD-induction activity of fatty acids and glucose, which can cause hepatic steatosis, using a human hepatocyte cell line; this suggested that long-chain free fatty acids (FFA) most effectively induce LDs. We also tested various compounds as to whether they could suppress LD formation induced by oleic acid (OA), a long chain FFA. The LD formation was effectively blocked by an inhibitor of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL). These results suggest that long chain FFAs and ACSLs are significant factors in LD formation in hepatocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials HuH7, a human hepatocyte cell line, was obtained from Health Science Research Resources Bank (cell no. JCRB0403; Osaka Japan). Fatty acids (as sodium salt) and 5-pregnen-3b-ol-20-one (pregnenolone) were purchased from Sigma (U.S.A.). Caffeine, capsaicin, carbon tetrachloride and dl-isoproterenol hydrochloride were purchased from Wako (Japan). Triacsin C was purchased from Kyowa Medex (Japan). 4,4,10b-Trimethyl-trans-decal-3b-ol (AMO 1618) was purchased from Calbiochem (U.S.A.). Anti-ADRP monoclonal antibody was purchased from PROGEN (Germany). Anti-17bHSD11 antiserum was prepared as described previously.6) Peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-IgG antibodies were purchased from Biosource International (Camarillo, California). ECL Western Blotti...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Long-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Lipid Droplet Formation in a Cultured Human Hepatocyte in a Manner Dependent of Acyl-CoA Synthetase

Fujimoto

Onoduka

Homma

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…High-fat diets containing capsaicin lower adipose tissue weight (Kawada et al, 1986a), reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increase highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol and triglycerides (Kawada et al, 1986a;Srinivasan and Chandrasekhara 1992;Saito et al, 1999;Lee et al, 2003;Tani et al, 2004). Small amounts of capsaicin, when used topically, induce vasodilatation, but at higher concentrations cause vasoconstriction .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of 4-week chilli supplementation on metabolic and arterial function in humans

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate the effects of regular chilli ingestion on some indicators of metabolic and vascular function. Design: A randomized cross-over dietary intervention study. Setting: Launceston, Australia. Subjects: Healthy free-living individuals. Intervention: Thirty-six participants (22 women and 14 men), aged 46712 (mean7s.d.) years; BMI 26.474.8 kg/m 2 , consumed 30 g/day of a chilli blend (55% cayenne chilli) with their normal diet (chilli diet), and a bland diet (chilli-free) for 4 weeks each. Metabolic and vascular parameters, including plasma glucose, serum lipids and lipoproteins, insulin, basal metabolic rate, blood pressure, heart rate, augmentation index (AIx; an indicator of arterial stiffness), and subendocardialviability ratio (SEVR; a measure of myocardial perfusion), were measured at the end of each diet. In a sub-study, during week 3 of each dietary period, the vascular responses of 15 subjects to glyceryl-trinitrate (GTN) and salbutamol were also studied. Results: For the whole group, there were no significant differences between any of the measured parameters when compared at the end of the two dietary periods. When analysed separately, men had a lower resting heart rate (P ¼ 0.02) and higher SEVR (P ¼ 0.05) at the end of the chilli diet than the bland diet. In the sub-study, baseline AIx on the chilli diet was lower (Po0.001) than on the bland diet, but there was no difference in the effects of GTN and salbutamol between the two diets. Conclusion: Four weeks of regular chilli consumption has no obvious beneficial or harmful effects on metabolic parameters but may reduce resting heart rate and increase effective myocardial perfusion pressure time in men.

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“…Previous studies have reported that exercise suppresses liver lipid accumulation (26), possibly via mechanisms involving increased fat oxidation and decreased lipogenesis in the liver (7,42). Furthermore, capsiate was reported to reduce hepatic TG levels in rats fed a HFD (53), and CSNs were shown to reduce hepatic TG levels in mice fed a HFD (Inoue N, Nogusa Y, Hara-Kimura Y, OkabeNogusa Y, Ohyama K, Tsukamoto-Yasui M, and Ono K, unpublished observations). These data suggested that the combination of exercise and CSNs may suppress lipid accumulation by increasing fat oxidation in the liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combination of exercise and capsinoid supplementation additively suppresses diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure in mice

Ohyama

Nogusa

Suzuki

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Exercise effectively prevents the development of obesity and obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Capsinoids (CSNs) are capsaicin analogs found in a nonpungent pepper that increase whole body energy expenditure. Although both exercise and CSNs have antiobesity functions, the effectiveness of exercise with CSN supplementation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects of exercise could be further enhanced by CSN supplementation in mice. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) high-fat diet (HFD, Control), 2) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs, 3) HFD with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise), and 4) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise ϩ CSN). After 8 wk of ingestion, blood and tissues were collected and analyzed. Although CSNs significantly suppressed body weight gain under the HFD, CSN supplementation with exercise additively decreased body weight gain and fat accumulation and increased whole body energy expenditure compared with exercise alone. Exercise together with CSN supplementation robustly improved metabolic profiles, including the plasma cholesterol level. Furthermore, this combination significantly prevented diet-induced liver steatosis and decreased the size of adipocyte cells in white adipose tissue. Exercise and CSNs significantly increased cAMP levels and PKA activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicating an increase of lipolysis. Moreover, they significantly activated both the oxidative phosphorylation gene program and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. These results indicate that CSNs efficiently promote the antiobesity effect of exercise, in part by increasing energy expenditure via the activation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and lipolysis in BAT.exercise; capsinoids; obesity; energy expenditure; fat oxidation OBESITY IS RAPIDLY BECOMING a major global health problem (4) and is a major risk factor for several common diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer (32). Obesity develops when energy intake chronically exceeds total energy expenditure (51). Conventional antiobesity strategies have focused on repressing energy intake by suppressing appetite or inhibiting intestinal fat absorption; however, increasing energy expenditure by activating the metabolic function of skeletal muscle or brown fat could serve as an alternative and effective antiobesity intervention, thereby avoiding the potential adverse effects associated with conventional antiobesity therapies such as depression, oily bowel movements, and steatorrhea.Exercise is one of the most efficient ways to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes through an increase in energy expenditure (25, 27, 52). However, people in the developed world are becoming less physically active as a result of lifestyle changes and the nature of their work. Moreover, constraints such as lack of time, limited access. and injuries frequently become barriers to exercise (48). For example, a recent epidemiological study estimated that ...

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Effects of Capsinoid on Serum and Liver Lipids in Hyperlipidemic Rats

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Long-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Lipid Droplet Formation in a Cultured Human Hepatocyte in a Manner Dependent of Acyl-CoA Synthetase

Long-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Lipid Droplet Formation in a Cultured Human Hepatocyte in a Manner Dependent of Acyl-CoA Synthetase

The effect of 4-week chilli supplementation on metabolic and arterial function in humans

A combination of exercise and capsinoid supplementation additively suppresses diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure in mice

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