Effects of carbohydrate loading and underwater exercise on circulating cortisol, insulin and urinary losses of chromium and zinc

Anderson, Richard A.; Bryden, Noella A.; Polansky, Marilyn M.; Thorp, James W.

doi:10.1007/bf00235185

Cited by 56 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These data are in accordance with the results of Anderson et al [34]. The low carbohydrate intake may affect the cortisol levels [35]. Therefore, higher concentrations of cortisol may be a main factor in the susceptibility to infections and injuries because of its immunosuppressive role [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of 24-hour Food Restriction on Plasma Human Growth Hormone, IGF-1, Cortisol and Testosterone Responses in Resistance Exercise

Jung¹,

Kang²

2016

Exerc Sci

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caloric restriction on the immune and hormonal responses during exercise in judo athletes. In a randomised order, 11 male judokas (age: 20.45 ± 0.51; height: 1.71 ± 0.3 m; and body weight: 75.9 ± 3.1 kg) participate in this study during a period of weight maintenance (baseline) and after 7 days of caloric restriction (CR). All subjects performed the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) during the two conditions. Values for nutrient intakes were obtained from a 7 d food record kept during a period of weight maintenance and after a 7-day food restriction (−5∼6 MJ/day). Our results showed that CR resulted in significant decreases in body weight ( < 0.05) and performance ( < 0.05). However, heart rate and SJFT index ( < 0.05) increase significantly during CR in comparison to baseline. Moreover, exercise leads to a significant increase in testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone (GH), leukocytes, neutrophils, TNF-, and IL-6, in both CR and baseline conditions. Compared to baseline, TNF-and IL-6 were significantly higher during CR condition ( < 0.05). Additionally, CR leads to an increase in cortisol and GH ( < 0.05) and a decrease in testosterone concentrations ( < 0.05).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of 24-hour Food Restriction on Plasma Human Growth Hormone, IGF-1, Cortisol and Testosterone Responses in Resistance Exercise

Jung¹,

Kang²

2016

Exerc Sci

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“…Other stresses including pregnancy, lactation, exercise, infection and physical trauma also increase Cr losses and requirements ( Table I). The effects of stress on urinary Cr losses are correlated directly with the stress hormone cortisol [17].…”

Section: Chromium Requirement and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional factors influencing the glucose/insulin system: chromium.

Anderson

1997

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

139

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Chromium (Cr) improves the glucose/insulin system in subjects with hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes and hyperlipemia with no detectable effects on control subjects. Chromium improves insulin binding, insulin receptor number, insulin internalization, beta cell sensitivity and insulin receptor enzymes with overall increases in insulin sensitivity. There have been several studies involving Cr supplementation of subjects with NIDDM and/or lipemia and most have reported beneficial effects of Cr on the glucose/insulin system. In a recent study, Chinese subjects with NIDDM were divided into three groups of 60 subjects and supplemented with placebo, 100 or 500 micrograms of Cr as chromium picolinate 2 times per day for 4 months. Improvements in the glucose/insulin system were highly significant in the subjects receiving 500 micrograms twice per day with less or no significant improvements in the subjects receiving 100 micrograms twice per day after 2 and 4 months. In summary, Cr is involved in the control of the glucose/insulin system and the amount, and likely form of chromium, are critical when evaluating the role of chromium in this system.

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“…Campbell and Anderson [18] reported that exercise significantly increased urinary chromium excretion. Similarly, it was demonstrated that underwater exercise reduced levels of chromium in serum and that carbohydrate loading inhibited this decrease [19]. It was reported that exercise did not affect cobalt levels in triathletes [20], while cadmium levels in athletes were found lower than those in controls [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Elements in Sera of Elite Taekwondo Athletes: Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation

Patlar

Boyali

Baltacı

et al. 2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Many researchers have emphasized the relation between nutrition and development and sustaining performance. Two methods are commonly employed to identify the interaction between physical activity and nutrition. The first consists of administering food with a variety of contents to people engaged in physical activity and observing their performance responses, and the other is concerned with determining the effects of physical activity on nutrition. Therefore, it can be said that there has been a growing interest in the explorations into the relation between exercise and vitamins, minerals, and elements. The present study reports the effects of 6 weeks administration of 300 mg/day vitamin E on the distribution of serum elements in elite taekwondo athletes. Seven male athletes, mean ages 22.1 ± 0.5 years weighing on average 66.4 ± 2.4 kg were included in the study. The athletes had been practicing taekwondo for 10-12 years. Resting blood samples were collected in duplicate before and after supplementation for determination of serum levels of cobalt, boron, cadmium, chromium, nickel, manganese, sulfur, copper, iron, zinc, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and calcium. Supplementation resulted in significant increases of all elements relative to values before supplementation (p < 0.001), with the exception of boron and sulfur, which remained without change. The results of the present study demonstrate that vitamin E supplementation crucially influences the element and mineral metabolism in elite athletes.

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Effects of carbohydrate loading and underwater exercise on circulating cortisol, insulin and urinary losses of chromium and zinc

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of 24-hour Food Restriction on Plasma Human Growth Hormone, IGF-1, Cortisol and Testosterone Responses in Resistance Exercise

Effects of 24-hour Food Restriction on Plasma Human Growth Hormone, IGF-1, Cortisol and Testosterone Responses in Resistance Exercise

Nutritional factors influencing the glucose/insulin system: chromium.

Elements in Sera of Elite Taekwondo Athletes: Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation

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