Effects of carbon surface area on performance of lithium sulfur battery cathodes

Dornbusch, Donald A.; Hilton, Ramsey; Gordon, Michael J.; Suppes, Galen J.

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2013.03.005

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Both sulfur and its reduction product, lithium sulfide, are insulating and insoluble, resulting in chemical precipitation and dissolution towards the end of both charge (sulfur) and discharge (lithium sulfide) depending on voltage ( Figure 2). During cycling this results in active material loss (both reversible and irreversible) in addition to cathode and separator deterioration, particularly the degradation of the porous structure [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Broader Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium sulfur batteries, a mechanistic review

Wild

O’Neill

Zhang

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

981

847

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Lithium Sulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of the most promising next generation battery chemistries with potential to achieve 500-600 Wh/kg in the next few years. Yet understanding the underlying mechanisms of operation remains a major obstacle to their continued improvement. From a review of a range of analytical studies and physical models, it is clear that experimental understanding is well ahead of state-of-the-art models. Yet this understanding is still hindered by the limitations of available techniques and the implications of experiment and cell design on the mechanism. The mechanisms at the cor e of physical models for Li-S cells are overly simplistic compared to the latest thinking based upon experimental results, but creating more complicated models will be difficult, due to the lack of and inability to easily measure the necessary parameters. Despite this, there are significant opportunities to improve models with the latest experimentally derived mechanisms. Such models can inform materials research and lead to improved high fidelity models for controls and application engineers.

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Section: Broader Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium sulfur batteries, a mechanistic review

Wild

O’Neill

Zhang

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

981

847

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These authors concluded that to get high specific capacity, the absorption of polysulfides is more important than the number of accessible reaction sites. More recently, Dornbusch et al studied a wide range of carbon materials as sulfur hosts, such as activated carbons of different high SSAs and porosities, as well as graphite and char. The low conductivity of char, despite its high SSA, hinders its use as a conductive additive, but the high conductivity of graphite, whose SSA is low, is also not sufficient to increase the utilization of sulfur.…”

Section: Electrode Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By systematically varying the sulfur‐to‐carbon ratio, several authors demonstrated that the specific capacity decreases when the relative carbon content decreases, that is, when the relative sulfur content increases. Indeed, the sulfur fills the pores of the carbon conductive additive, leading to a decrease in the SSA and the pore volume of the conductive additive . Also, the electrode conductivity becomes lower with an increasing amount of sulfur and some agglomerates of sulfur can form during electrode preparation, thus losing connection to the conductive carbon network.…”

Section: Electrode Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress Towards Commercially Viable Li–S Battery Cells

Trabesinger

Schott

Novák

2015

Advanced Energy Materials

376

298

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A broad overview of how experimental parameters affect the performance of Li–S batteries is presented here, extending the view on these batteries beyond sophisticated conductive sulfur hosts, which have been the primary focus of many studies in recent years. The exquisite sensitivity of the Li–S system to various experimental parameters speaks to the importance of directing future research towards the entire Li–S‐battery set‐up, rather than just some components. The main overall goal should be to produce cells with high specific energy and energy density. These are challenging tasks and more work is required, in particular in the area of cell engineering. The achievements spotlighted in this report show that outstanding results can be obtained by suitably engineering cathodes and other cell parts, without the need to use advanced structured hosts for sulfur. A lot of stimulating, original and successful research has been done recently in the field, leading to satisfying Li–S battery performances and paving the way for more applied research, with the goal of entering a pre‐application phase in Li–S battery development.

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“…41 In this context, the specific surface area of the carbon matrix plays a critical role in the specific capacity of a Li-S cell. 42 Since the specific capacity is a direct outcome of sulfur utilization, it is expected that the reaction mechanisms can vary between cells comprising these two carbon matrices. To directly compare the changes in quantity of Li2S and the changes in diffusion resistance, k is plotted against the integrated area of the 111 reflection of Li2S in Figure 4.…”

Section: Correlation Between the Evolution Of Li2s And Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Monitoring of Crystalline Active Materials and Resistance Evolution in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2019

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Batteries. ChemRxiv. Preprint. Operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a valuable tool for studying secondary battery materials as it allows for the direct correlation of electrochemical behavior with structural changes of crystalline active materials. This is especially true for the lithium-sulfur chemistry, in which energy storage capability depends on the complex growth and dissolution kinetics of lithium sulfide (Li2S) and sulfur (S8) during discharge and charge, respectively. In this work, we present a novel development of this method through combining operando XRD with simultaneous and continuous resistance measurement using an Intermittent Current Interruption (ICI) method. We show that a coefficient of diffusion resistance, which reflects the transport properties in the sulfur/carbon composite electrode, can be determined from analysis of each current interruption. Its relationship to the established Warburg impedance model is validated theoretically and experimentally. We also demonstrate for an optimized electrode formulation and cell construction that the diffusion resistance increases sharply at the discharge end point, which is consistent with the blocking of pores in the carbon host matrix. The combination of XRD with ICI allows for a direct correlation of structural changes with not only electrochemical properties but also energy loss processes at a non-equilibrium state, and therefore is a valuable technique for the study of a wide range of energy storage chemistries. File list (2) download file view on ChemRxiv Manuscript.docx (3.06 MiB) download file view on ChemRxiv Supporting Information.pdf (720.53 KiB)

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Effects of carbon surface area on performance of lithium sulfur battery cathodes

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Lithium sulfur batteries, a mechanistic review

Lithium sulfur batteries, a mechanistic review

Progress Towards Commercially Viable Li–S Battery Cells

Simultaneous Monitoring of Crystalline Active Materials and Resistance Evolution in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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