Effects of cardiac timing and peripheral resistance on measurement of pulse wave velocity for assessment of arterial stiffness

Xiao, Hanguang; Butlin, Mark; Tan, Isabella; Avolio, Alberto

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05807-x

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Luminal diameter ( D ) and wall thicknesses ( ) were recorded, and mechanical properties were calculated as previously described [ 38 ]. The calculated incremental pulse wave velocity ( ) is the value of the PWV of the renal arteries as obtained using the Moens–Korteweg equation [ 39 ]: the incremental modulus of elasticity ( ), D and were measured for a given intraluminal pressure and represents the density of the intraluminal buffer ( ) used in the experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic control by the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin decreases aortic stiffness, renal resistivity index and kidney injury

Aroor

Das

Carpenter

et al. 2018

Cardiovasc Diabetol

141

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BackgroundArterial stiffness is emerging as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which lower serum glucose by inhibiting SGLT2-mediated glucose reabsorption in renal proximal tubules, have shown promise in reducing arterial stiffness and the risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since hyperglycemia contributes to arterial stiffness, we hypothesized that the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (EMPA) would improve endothelial function, reduce aortic stiffness, and attenuate kidney disease by lowering hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic female mice (db/db).Materials/methodsTen-week-old female wild-type control (C57BLKS/J) and db/db (BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/J) mice were divided into three groups: lean untreated controls (CkC, n = 17), untreated db/db (DbC, n = 19) and EMPA-treated db/db mice (DbE, n = 19). EMPA was mixed with normal mouse chow at a concentration to deliver 10 mg kg−1 day−1, and fed for 5 weeks, initiated at 11 weeks of age.ResultsCompared to CkC, DbC showed increased glucose levels, blood pressure, aortic and endothelial cell stiffness, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Furthermore, DbC exhibited impaired activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, increased renal resistivity and pulsatility indexes, enhanced renal expression of advanced glycation end products, and periarterial and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. EMPA promoted glycosuria and blunted these vascular and renal impairments, without affecting increases in blood pressure. In addition, expression of “reversion inducing cysteine rich protein with Kazal motifs” (RECK), an anti-fibrotic mediator, was significantly suppressed in DbC kidneys and partially restored by EMPA. Confirming the in vivo data, EMPA reversed high glucose-induced RECK suppression in human proximal tubule cells.ConclusionsEmpagliflozin ameliorates kidney injury in type 2 diabetic female mice by promoting glycosuria, and possibly by reducing systemic and renal artery stiffness, and reversing RECK suppression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic control by the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin decreases aortic stiffness, renal resistivity index and kidney injury

Aroor

Das

Carpenter

et al. 2018

Cardiovasc Diabetol

141

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“…1,2 Pulse wave velocity (PWV) refers to the velocity of the pulse wave of the arterial system between two fixed points. According to the MoenseKorteweg equation, 3 the PWV is proportional to the square root of the elastic coefficient. Pulse waves propagate faster in the arterial system as a result of reduced arterial elasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of hemoglobin with arterial stiffness evaluated by carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity among Chinese adults

Zhang

Wang

Kong

et al. 2019

Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine

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Objective Increased hemoglobin (Hb) levels are known to be associated with increased cardiovascular events and mortalities. Therefore, we assumed that high Hb levels were associated with arterial stiffness. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a simple and noninvasive method for measuring arterial stiffness to assess cardiovascular disease in general populations. Accordingly, we conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the association of Hb with PWV. Methods A total of 6642 adults aged 54.5 ± 11.2 years undergoing physical examinations were enrolled, 71.7% of whom were males. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between Hb and increased cfPWV. Results In this study, the mean Hb (per 10 g/L increase) was 144.7 ± 13.9 g/L, and the mean cfPWV was 15.1 ± 3.1 m/s. cfPWV was significantly higher in high hemoglobin groups ≥15.4 g/L (Quartile 4) than in the lowest hemoglobin group (Quartile 1 ≤ 13.6 g/L; P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that Hb positively correlated with cfPWV ( β = 0.16, P < 0.01). Univariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that Hb was associated with increased cfPWV, with an odd ratio ( OR ) of 1.46 (95% confidence interval [ CI ], 1.39–1.54). After adjusting for potential confounders, Hb and the highest Hb quartile group were also independently associated with increased cfPWV, with a fully adjusted OR of 1.11 (95% CI , 1.02–1.20) and 1.45 (95% CI , 1.01–2.08), respectively. Conclusion This study demonstrated that Hb levels significantly correlate with increased cfPWV.

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“…Arterial stiffness is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and a predictor of all-cause mortality ( 5 ). Arterial stiffness increases greatly with chronological age ( 10 ), resulting in increased PWV [as PWV is linked to arterial stiffness by the Moens-Korteweg equation ( 178 )]. Arterial stiffness impacts the PPG in two ways.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing hemodynamics from the photoplethysmogram to gain insights into vascular age: a review from VascAgeNet

Charlton

Paliakaitė‬‬‬

Pilt

et al. 2022

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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The photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal is widely measured by clinical and consumer devices, and it is emerging as a potential tool for assessing vascular age. The shape and timing of the PPG pulse wave are both influenced by normal vascular ageing, changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure, and atherosclerosis. This review summarises research into assessing vascular age from the PPG. Three categories of approaches are described: (i) those which use a single PPG signal (based on pulse wave analysis); (ii) those which use multiple PPG signals (such as pulse transit time measurement); and (iii) those which use PPG and other signals (such as pulse arrival time measurement). Evidence is then presented on the performance, repeatability and reproducibility, and clinical utility of PPG-derived parameters of vascular age. Finally, the review outlines key directions for future research to realise the full potential of photoplethysmography for assessing vascular age.

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Effects of cardiac timing and peripheral resistance on measurement of pulse wave velocity for assessment of arterial stiffness

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Glycemic control by the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin decreases aortic stiffness, renal resistivity index and kidney injury

Glycemic control by the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin decreases aortic stiffness, renal resistivity index and kidney injury

Association of hemoglobin with arterial stiffness evaluated by carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity among Chinese adults

Assessing hemodynamics from the photoplethysmogram to gain insights into vascular age: a review from VascAgeNet

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