Effects of cavitation on the development of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

Kuroda, Kazuyuki; Yamada, Toshihiro; Mineo, Kazuhiko; Tamura, Hirotada

doi:10.3186/jjphytopath.54.606

Cited by 53 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In vitro infection showed to be similar to in vivo PWD phenotype as a similar symptomatology was observed in trees infected by the pine wilt disease, as reported by Kuroda et al (1988) for P. thunbergii and P. densiflora saplings. In these species, the first symptom observed was the sudden browning of older needles that spread to younger needles accompanied by wilting and followed by host death within 1-2 months after inoculation.…”

Section: P Pinaster With B Xylophilus Co-cultures Establishmentsupporting

confidence: 59%

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

Faria

Sena

Silva

et al. 2015

Planta

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Main conclusion Co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were established as a biotechnological tool to evaluate the effect of nematotoxics addition in a host/parasite culture system.The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), was detected for the first time in Europe in 1999 spreading throughout the pine forests in Portugal and recently in Spain. Plant in vitro cultures may be a useful experimental system to investigate the plant/nematode relationships in loco, thus avoiding the difficulties of field assays. In this study, Pinus pinaster in vitro cultures were established and compared to in vivo 1 year-old plantlets by analyzing shoot structure and volatiles production. In vitro co-cultures were established with the PWN and the effect of the phytoparasite on in vitro shoot structure, water content and volatiles production was evaluated. In vitro shoots showed similar structure and volatiles production to in vivo maritime pine plantlets. The first macroscopic symptoms of PWD were observed about 4 weeks after in vitro co-culture establishment. Nematode population in the culture medium increased and PWNs were detected in gaps of the callus tissue and in cavities developed from the degradation of cambial cells. In terms of volatiles main components, plantlets, P. pinaster cultures, and P. pinaster with B. xylophilus co-cultures were all b-and a-pinene rich. Cocultures may be an easy-to-handle biotechnological approach to study this pathology, envisioning the understanding of and finding ways to restrain this highly devastating nematode.

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Section: P Pinaster With B Xylophilus Co-cultures Establishmentsupporting

confidence: 59%

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

Faria

Sena

Silva

et al. 2015

Planta

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“…For example, denatured parenchyma cells form in the cortex and xylem tissue of infected pine trees (Fukuda et al, 1992;Ikeda and Kiyohara, 1995;Kuroda et al, 1988;Mamiya, 1982;Nobuchi et al, 1984). After the early stage, the number of nematodes rapidly increases, and various internal and external symptoms occur in host pine trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological changes in ray parenchyma cells of seedlings of three pine species infected with the pine wilt disease

Hara¹,

Takeuchi²,

Futai³

2006

Jpn. J. Nematol.

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The native Japanese pines Pinus thunbergii and P. densiflora are susceptible to pine wilt disease caused by the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, while P. taeda is more resistant than these native Japanese species. We studied symptom development in these three pines after inoculation with a virulent isolate of the pinewood nematode. Nematode populations increased throughout seedlings of both P. thunbergii and P. densiflora soon after ray parenchyma cells showed drastic histochemical changes, i.e. accumulation of catechol tannin, spread of lipids over the whole cell, and leakage of cell contents. However, in P. taeda seedlings, nematode populations remained low and histological changes occurred only near the inoculation site. These results suggest that drastic cytological changes in ray parenchyma cells may promote symptom development from an early to an advanced stage. Jpn.

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“…Physiological changes in symptom development of pine wilt disease have been dealt with in many papers; decrease in photosynthesis (Fukuda et al, 1992a;Kaneko, 1989;Masuda, 1976;Ohyama and Kaminaka, 1975), denaturation of xylem and cortex parenchyma cells (Fukuda et al, 1992b;Ikeda, 1996a, Ikeda andKiyohara, 1995;Ikeda and Suzaki, 1984;Ikeda et al, 1994;Ishida et at., 1993;Kuroda et al, 1988;Mamiya, 1975Mamiya, , 1980Mamiya, , 1984Mamiya, , 1985Nobuchi et al, 1984;Sugawa, 1978Sugawa, , 1982, traumatic resin canal formation (Sugawa, 1978(Sugawa, , 1982, cambium destruction (Fukuda et al, 1992b;Ikeda, 1996a;lkeda et al, 1994;Myers, 1986;Sasaki et al, 1984), production of phytotoxic substances Kawazu et al, 1996a, b;Oku, 1988;Oku et al, 1980Oku et al, , 1985Shaheen et al, 1984;Ueda et aL, 1984), enhanced respiration (Mori and Inoue, 1983;Ohyama and Kaminaka, 1975) and ethylene production (Fukuda et al, 1994, Mori andInoue, 1986), water potential and transpiration of leaves and heat pulse velocity (Fukuda et al, 1988a(Fukuda et al, , b, c, 1992aIkeda and Kiyohara, 1995;Ikeda and Suzaki, 1984;…”

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confidence: 99%

Physiological Process of the Symptom Development and Resistance Mechanism in Pine Wilt Disease

Fukuda

1997

Journal of Forest Research

141

108

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Pathophysiological changes during the symptom development of pine wilt disease are reconsidered from recent investigations. The symptom development is divided into two stages: the early and the advanced stages. In the early stage, small number of nematodes migrate in cortex, then in xylem of the stem, and induce denaturation and necrosis of parenchyma cells. These changes in parenchyma are regarded as defense reactions of pines which result in terpene synthesis in xylem cells and embolism in tracheids. Such changes in the early stage can be induced in both susceptible and resistant pine species by either virulent or avirulent isolates of pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), or by B. mucronatus. No change occur in physiological status of leaves, and nematode reproduction is suppressed during this stage. Pine trees can survive if symptom does not progress from this stage. The symptoms of the advanced stage usually occur only in susceptible pines infected by virulent nematode isolates. At the beginning of the advanced stage, enhanced ethylene production by stem which coincides with cambial destruction occurs, and results in embolism of the outermost xylem in the portion. The embolism causes decrease in leaf water potential and cessation of photosynthesis. After cessation of photosynthesis, symptoms develop drastically with a burst of nematode population. There seems to be some unknown mechanism which suppress nematode reproduction and invasion to the cambial zone. This mechanism is thought to be photosynthesis-dependent, so that in photosynthesis-decreased conditions, even avirulent nematodes can multiply and invade cambium to induce tree death. Water stress in hot and dry summer should accelerates symptom development from the early to the advanced stage through such decrease of photosynthesis-dependent "cambial resistance."

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Effects of cavitation on the development of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

Cited by 53 publications

References 6 publications

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

In vitro co-cultures of Pinus pinaster with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease

Cytological changes in ray parenchyma cells of seedlings of three pine species infected with the pine wilt disease

Physiological Process of the Symptom Development and Resistance Mechanism in Pine Wilt Disease

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