“…The product, first developed in Russia a few decades ago, is claimed to have a positive effect on various central disorders like ischemic stroke and vascular dementia. [7,19] In vitro experiments on cells, [8,9,11] as well as in vivo animal experiments [14,15,17,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and human clinical trials, [12,13,16,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36] report various effects, with a high number of results written in Russian and published in local journals [10,17,[22][23][24][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] ; several other studies are sponsored by or done in collaboration with the manufacturer. [8,14,26,28,…”