Effects of Changes in Fat, Fish, and Fibre Intakes on Death and Myocardial Reinfarction: Diet and Reinfarction Trial (Dart)

Burr, M. L.; Gilbert, James; Holliday, R. M.; Pc, Elwood; Fehily, A. M.; Rogers, S.; Sweetnam, P. M.; Deadman, N.M.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90828-3

Cited by 2,315 publications

(1,365 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition to this approximate 6 % of b-carotene in EDS, there are still 0·12 % of a-carotene, 0·2 % of xanthophyll, 0·3 % of zeaxanthin, and scarse amounts of lycopene and chlorophyll found in EDS (13) . The correlation of certain diets with CVD has been reported from several epidemiological and clinical studies (18,21) . The inhibitory mechanism of EDS on serum-induced VSMC behaviour remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanism of green microalgae,Dunaliella salina, involved in attenuating balloon injury-induced neointimal formation

et al. 2010

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The pathological mechanism of restenosis is primarily attributed to excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The preventive effects of ethanol extract of Dunaliella salina (EDS) on balloon injury-induced neointimal formation were investigated. To explore its molecular mechanism in regulating cell proliferation, we first showed that EDS markedly reduced the human aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation via the inhibition of 5 0 -bromo-2 0 -deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation at 40 and 80 mg/ml. This was further supported by the G 0 /G 1 -phase arrest using a flow cytometric analysis. In an in vivo study, EDS at 40 and 80 mg/ml was previously administered to the Sprague -Dawley rats and found that the thickness of neointima, and the ratio of neointima:media were also reduced. EDS inhibited VSMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner following stimulation of VSMC cultures with 15 % fetal bovine serum (FBS). Suppressed by EDS were 15 % FBS-stimulated intracellular Raf, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-Erk) involved in cell-cycle arrest and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) was also suppressed by EDS. Also active caspase-9, caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein expression levels were increased by administration with EDS; the apoptotic pathway may play an important role in the regulatory effects of EDS on cell growth. These observations provide a mechanism of EDS in attenuating cell proliferation, thus as a potential intervention for restenosis.Human aortic smooth muscle cells: Angioplasty: Neointima formation: Restenosis: Dunaliella salina Dunaliella salina, Teod. (Chlorophyceae), the unicellular halophilic green microalga, is known as a major source of b-carotene. Administration of D. salina decreased the levels of cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase as well as increasing the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, serum aspartate aminotransaminase and serum alanine aminotransferase (1) . Aside from being a precursor for vitamin A, D. salina has also been known to possess a potent antioxidant activity, as shown in an in vivo study (2) . Analysing the constituents of an ethanol extract of D. salina (EDS) in our previous study demonstrated 6 % of b-carotene, 0·12 % of a-carotene, 0·2 % of xanthophyll, 0·3 % of zeaxanthin, and scarse amounts of lycopene and chlorophyll (3) . It has been shown that 9-cis b-carotenerich powder of the alga D. bardawil increases plasma HDLcholesterol in fibrate-treated patients (4) . Levy et al. found a significant increase in the lag time of oxidising LDLcholesterol following a 3-week b-carotene supplementation (60 mg/d), suggesting the antioxidant effects of b-carotene (5) .Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has been used in patients with angina and acute myocardial infarction (6) . However, restenosis in about 30 % of patients within 6 months following the angioplasty procedure has been a major disadvantage of this therapy (7) . Stents were ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanism of green microalgae,Dunaliella salina, involved in attenuating balloon injury-induced neointimal formation

et al. 2010

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“…However, a number of studies demonstrated that not only total fat, but also the fatty acid composition of the diet was associated with variations in total cholesterol concentration and development of atherosclerosis (Burr et al, 1989;Grundy, 1994;de Lorgeril et al, 1999;GISSI investigators, 1999). The general picture is that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) elevate total cholesterol concentration and the risk of CHD, while unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) have the opposite effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of dietary saturated fatty acids correlates with increased plasma lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity in humans

Berard¹,

Dabadie

Palos-Pinto³

et al. 2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: Increased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations have been associated with lower coronary heart disease risk. On the other hand, dietary fats are known to influence the fatty acid profile of plasma lipids, including phospholipids that are substrates of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), an important enzyme in HDL metabolism. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and LCAT activity. Design: An interventional study was performed in a monk community of 25 men. Setting: A French monk community, South West of France. Subjects and interventions: The basal diet of the study cohort contained SFA in a proportion of 13.5% of their total energy intake (TEI). They were submitted to two experimental isocaloric diets containing either 8.4% of the TEI in SFA (diet A) or 11% (diet B), each lasting 5 weeks. Results: The elevation of SFA in diet B was mainly obtained by decreasing carbohydrates. The only significant difference among total fats between diets A and B was the myristic acid content (0.6 and 1.2% of TEI, respectively). The elevation in SFA in diet B resulted in a significant increase of HDL-C (Po0.04), while plasma apo A-I concentration and LCAT activity both decreased (Po0.02). Conclusion: Altogether, these results are consistent with a negative effect of SFA on reverse cholesterol transport.

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“…The primary aim of this study was to determine the response, in terms of dietary practices, of post MI patients to a programme of dietary counselling. The programme was based on existing evidence for benefit from specific dietary changes (fat, fruit and vegetables, oily fish and body weight), all of which feature in the Scottish Dietary Targets (Burr et al, 1989;Singh et al, 1992;Watts et al, 1992;De Lorgeril et al, 1994;Singh et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are: increased oily fish (Burr et al, 1989), increased fruit and vegetable consumption (Singh et al, 1992), modification of dietary fat intake (Watts et al, 1992;De Lorgeril et al, 1994) and weight loss (Singh et al, 1996). There is clinical trial evidence for each of these measures individually being effective in secondary prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transferable programme of nutritional counselling for rehabilitation following myocardial infarction: a randomised controlled study

et al. 2004

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Objective: To evaluate the response to simple innovative dietary counselling in post myocardial infarction patients. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Cardiac rehabilitation programmes of two acute hospitals in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Patients: A total of 69 men and 29 women aged 35-75 y who survived acute myocardial infarction and participated in the cardiac rehabilitation programmes of the study hospitals between 1st September 1997 and 1st August 1998. Results: At 12 weeks follow-up, diet composition had improved significantly in intervention subjects, but no such change was evident in the control group. The target of five portions of fruit and vegetables per day was achieved by 65% of intervention subjects but only 31% of control subjects (P¼0.004). Between-group differences in food intakes were no longer evident at 1 y. Diet composition did however remain in line with current dietary targets in intervention subjects. Conclusion: Compared to conventional cardiac rehabilitation, this intervention, focused on targets known to improve mortality, improved diet in post myocardial infarction patients. However, a more sustained programme is required to maintain improvements. Delivery of the intervention was expensive and further research is required to determine the feasibility of a group approach using the same package.

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Effects of Changes in Fat, Fish, and Fibre Intakes on Death and Myocardial Reinfarction: Diet and Reinfarction Trial (Dart)

Cited by 2,315 publications

References 22 publications

Molecular mechanism of green microalgae,Dunaliella salina, involved in attenuating balloon injury-induced neointimal formation

Molecular mechanism of green microalgae,Dunaliella salina, involved in attenuating balloon injury-induced neointimal formation

Reduction of dietary saturated fatty acids correlates with increased plasma lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity in humans

A transferable programme of nutritional counselling for rehabilitation following myocardial infarction: a randomised controlled study

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