Effects of changes in the UK energy-demand and environmental legislation on atmospheric pollution by oxides of nitrogen and black smoke

Blakemore, F.B.; Davies, C.; Isaac, J.G.

doi:10.1016/s0306-2619(00)00039-8

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This analytical calculation is summarized as follows. (9) The number of moles of oxygen necessary to completely burn 1 kg of gasoline were calculated with Equation ( 10 (12) The total amount of exhaust gas (exh) produced from burning 1 kg of gasoline was calculated as the sum of nitrogen and argon of the comburent air and CO 2 and water produced through the combustion of gasoline: m exh per kg of gas = m CO 2 per kg of gas +m H 2 O per kg of gas +m N 2 per kg of gas + m Ar per kg of gas = 15.839 kg exh kg gas (13) The volume (V) of the exhaust per kg of gasoline at a certain temperature can be calculated knowing the density (ρ) of the various components at that temperature (Table 2). The temperature of 500 K for the exhaust was chosen for the comparison between syngas and gasoline combustion.…”

Section: Portable Petrol Generator and Femto Gasifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific and Cumulative Exhaust Gas Emissions in Micro-Scale Generators Fueled by Syngas from Biomass Gasification

et al. 2021

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Climate change, environmental degradation, and biodiversity loss are prompting production systems to shift from a fossil-based economy to a circular bio-based one. In this context, biomass gasification is a promising alternative to fossil fuels that can contribute to power generation in rural communities and remote areas as well as provide a sustainable source of energy for developed countries. In this work, exhaust gas emissions (CO, NOx, and SO2) of two syngas-fueled micro-scale generators were measured. The first system is a commercial biomass gasifier genset, whereas the second is composed of a laboratory-scale gasifier prototype and a portable petrol generator. For this second facility, emissions were measured both running on gasoline and on syngas. The comparison was performed both on the pollutant concentration and on their cumulative amount. This comparison was made possible by calculating the exhaust gas flow by knowing the combustion stoichiometry and fuel consumption. The results showed a much lower pollutant concentration running on syngas compared to gasoline. In particular, considering the best configurations, every cubic meter of exhaust gas released running on syngas contains about 20 times less CO and almost one-third less NOx compared to gasoline. Moreover, the cumulative amount of emissions released was also considerably lower due to the lower exhaust gas flow (about 25%) released running on syngas.

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Section: Portable Petrol Generator and Femto Gasifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that fossil fuel combustion is the major source of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and black smoke (suspended particulate matter less than 15 µm) emissions [9]. Another pollutant produced through combustion is CO [10], one of the main contributors to air pollution due to its high toxicity [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific and Cumulative Exhaust Gas Emissions in Micro-Scale Generators Fueled by Syngas from Biomass Gasification

et al. 2021

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“…NO x is an extremely noxious pollutant detrimental to the environment and harmful to human health, including acid rain formation, ground-level ozone increase, forest deterioration, aquatic systems acidification, visibility degradation, photochemical smog generation, and fine particles in the atmosphere. [1][2][3][4] According to the 'Air Pollutants Emission Standard of the Utility Boiler' issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, from 1 July 2014, for existing power plants, the permissible NO x emission limit is set at 100 mg/m 3 (6% O 2 ) or 200 mg/m 3 (6% O 2 ) (for a down-fired boiler only). [5] In 2014, some provinces set the limit of 50 mg/m 3 (6% O 2 ) for emissions after 1 July 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of secondary air mass flow rate on the airflow and combustion characteristics and NO_x formation of the low‐volatile coal‐fired swirl burner

Jiang

et al. 2015

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Laboratory experiments and industrial‐scale experiments on 300‐MW low‐volatile coal‐fired boiler were performed under deep air staging. Aerodynamic characteristics, gas temperature and concentrations, furnace temperature, and boiler efficiency were measured for various secondary air mass flow rates. Under deep air staging, a steady central recirculation zone forms near the burner nozzle. With a decreasing flow rate, the swirl intensity and maximum axial, radial, and tangential velocities decrease; between X/D = 0–0.8, the velocity decay rate decreases, and the relative reverse flow rate decreases. In the early stage, the maximum axial mixing rate decreases; the primary air concentration increases slightly. A decrease in secondary air‐box damper opening decreases the gas temperature and its increasing rate, generating a farther ignition position. In the initial stage, the O2 consumption rate and CO concentration increase, while the NOx concentration decreases. In the later stage, O2 concentration remains almost constant below 2%, and the CO concentrations exceed 15 000 ppm, which restrain NOx formation notably. Near the water‐cooled wall, flue gas temperature varies slightly, and O2 concentration exceeds 3%. Along radial direction 1.5364 ≤ R0/D0 ≤ 1.8708, the O2 concentrations are below 2%, and CO concentrations exceed 6000 ppm. A decreasing damper opening decreases furnace temperature in the primary combustion zone slightly. NOx emission decreases from 833.4 to 769.9 mg/m3 (6% O2), unburnt carbon increases from 5.18% to 6.84%, and boiler efficiency decreases from 91.53% to 90.99%. Copyright © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Although CHP has attracted substantial research interest in the UK as a source of efficient energy (Blakemore et al, 2001;Toke and Fragaki, 2008), and various models for efficient energy calculation do exist (Hashemi, 2009;Lahdelma and Hakonen, 2003), the majority of these models have limited application in a UK context because their modelling parameters are not specific to the UK market. Based on this, the objective of this study is threefold:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHP and its role in efficient energy production: a feasibility assessment model

Nock¹,

Ojiako

Bektaş

et al. 2012

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -The way and manner in which energy is produced is known to have a significant impact on emissions. For this reason, the UK government has sought to enhance the efficiency of energy production/conversion by focusing on a number of energy production approaches, including Combined Heat and Power (CHP). The purpose of this paper is to describe a practical approach for assessing the feasibility of CHP. Design/methodology/approach -The authors provide an overview of Combined Heat and Power (CHP); describe a new and easy-to-implement feasibility and optimisation model to aid in the installation of CHP; and discuss the practical feasibility issues of CHP through an analysis of existing case studies using the proposed model. The modelling utilises regression models which are created using historical data obtained from public sources. Findings -Compared against alternatives, the model is shown to be particularly useful, as its functionality is embedded in resource-intensive prime mover specifications obtained from seven real industrial cases. Originality/value -The need for such a practical and easy-to-use model is driven by the existence of numerous models, which are mainly complex and not necessarily "user-friendly". The proposed model is set to provide a practical and user-friendly model for CHP appraisal that is easy to understand and assess in terms of prime movers such as capital cost, payback, annual financial and CO 2 savings.

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Effects of changes in the UK energy-demand and environmental legislation on atmospheric pollution by oxides of nitrogen and black smoke

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Specific and Cumulative Exhaust Gas Emissions in Micro-Scale Generators Fueled by Syngas from Biomass Gasification

Specific and Cumulative Exhaust Gas Emissions in Micro-Scale Generators Fueled by Syngas from Biomass Gasification

Effect of secondary air mass flow rate on the airflow and combustion characteristics and NO_x formation of the low‐volatile coal‐fired swirl burner

CHP and its role in efficient energy production: a feasibility assessment model

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Effects of changes in the UK energy-demand and environmental legislation on atmospheric pollution by oxides of nitrogen and black smoke

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Specific and Cumulative Exhaust Gas Emissions in Micro-Scale Generators Fueled by Syngas from Biomass Gasification

Specific and Cumulative Exhaust Gas Emissions in Micro-Scale Generators Fueled by Syngas from Biomass Gasification

Effect of secondary air mass flow rate on the airflow and combustion characteristics and NOx formation of the low‐volatile coal‐fired swirl burner

CHP and its role in efficient energy production: a feasibility assessment model

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Effect of secondary air mass flow rate on the airflow and combustion characteristics and NO_x formation of the low‐volatile coal‐fired swirl burner