Effects of changing ocean temperatures on ecological connectivity among marine protected areas in northern British Columbia

Friesen, Sarah K.; Rubidge, Emily; Martone, Rebecca G.; Hunter, Karen L.; Peña, M. Angélica; Ban, Natalie C.

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105776

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Finally, although our work dealt with the coastal oceans of BC and SEA, the same methodological approach could be applied to allow a more precise regionalization of other coastal oceans, aiding the interpretation of oceanic processes and, specifically, phytoplankton dynamics and productivity. Considering rapid climate change and its predicted impact on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (Ainsworth et al, 2011;Cheung et al, 2021;Friesen et al, 2021), yet limited resources for in situ observation, there is an urgent need for both alternative observation strategies and optimization of existing observation programs through the establishment of representative monitoring regions. Ocean-surface partitioning using remotely sensed data presents a valuable tool to address this task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioregionalization of the coastal and open oceans of British Columbia and Southeast Alaska based on Sentinel-3A satellite-derived phytoplankton seasonality

et al. 2022

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Classifying the ocean into regions with distinct biogeochemical or physical properties may enhance our interpretation of ocean processes. High-resolution satellite-derived products provide valuable data to address this task. Notwithstanding, no regionalization at a regional scale has been attempted for the coastal and open oceans of British Columbia (BC) and Southeast Alaska (SEA), which host essential habitats for several ecologically, culturally, and commercially important species. Across this heterogeneous marine domain, phytoplankton are subject to dynamic ocean circulation patterns and atmosphere-ocean-land interactions, and their variability, in turn, influences marine food web structure and function. Regionalization based on phytoplankton biomass patterns along BC and SEA’s coastal and open oceans can be valuable in identifying pelagic habitats and representing a baseline for assessing future changes. We developed a two-step classification procedure, i.e., a Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) analysis followed by the affinity propagation clustering method, to define ten bioregions based on the seasonal climatology of high-resolution (300 m) Sentinel-3 surface chlorophyll-a data (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass), for the period 2016-2020. The classification procedure allowed high precision delineation of the ten bioregions, revealing separation between off-shelf bioregions and those in neritic waters. Consistent with the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regime, relatively low values of phytoplankton biomass (< 1 mg/m3) distinguished off-shelf bioregions, which also displayed, on average, more prominent autumn biomass peaks. In sharp contrast, neritic bioregions were highly productive (>> 1 mg/m3) and characterized by different phytoplankton dynamics. The spring phytoplankton bloom onset varied spatially and inter-annually, with substantial differences among bioregions. The proposed high-spatial-resolution regionalization constitutes a reference point for practical and more extensive implementation in understanding the spatial dynamics of the regional ecology, data-driven ocean observing systems, and objective regional management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioregionalization of the coastal and open oceans of British Columbia and Southeast Alaska based on Sentinel-3A satellite-derived phytoplankton seasonality

et al. 2022

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“…To be clear, MPAs enhance resilience to climate change and associated extreme events but are no panacea for these stressors (Friesen et al, 2021; Ovando et al, 2021; Tittensor et al, 2022). Nonetheless, network connectivity between individual MPAs pre‐empts some concerns about MPA effectiveness in the face of climate‐driven species redistributions (Carr et al, 2017).…”

Section: Benefits To Ecosystem Restoration and Resilience To Climate ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting our coast for everyone's future: Indigenous and scientific knowledge support marine spatial protections proposed by Central Coast First Nations in Pacific Canada

Reid¹,

Collins

Hall

et al. 2022

People and Nature

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1. We, the Haíłzaqv, Kitasoo Xai'xais, Nuxalk and Wuikinuxv First Nations, are the traditional stewards of our territories in the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Our traditional laws obligate us to manage and protect our territories for current and future generations. Spatial management is inherent to our cultures through the Hereditary Chief governance system, in which specific people within a lineage inherit the rights and responsibilities for stewarding specific areas. 2. Since the 19th century, we have been experiencing cultural disruptions caused by settler colonialism, which are now worsened by the declines of marine species vital to our cultures. These declines reflect fishery impacts exacerbated by climate change. 3. Western fisheries management focuses on maximum sustained yields (MSY), ignoring body size declines that disrupt food webs and diminish population productivity for vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, thereby eroding resilience to climate change. The worldview encompassed by the MSY framework-take the most that you can without compromising future exploitation while assuming no environmental change-is the antithesis of ours-take only what you need and leave lots for the ecosystem. Furthermore, standard stock assessments do not account for uncertainties inherent to climate change effects on distributions and productivity, and many by-catch species are unassessed. 4. Consistent with our traditional knowledge, scientific evidence indicates that marine protected areas (MPAs), coupled with other measures to reduce fishing mortality, can restore exploited species, safeguard biodiversity and contribute to fisheries sustainability. 5. In the 2000s, we paired Indigenous knowledge and Western science to develop marine spatial plans. These plans are foundational in our contribution to the ongoing development of the Marine Protected Area Network for Canada's | 1053 People and Nature REID et al.

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“…[11,30]) offers the opportunity to make projections at spatial resolutions (e.g. less than 3 km) that are relevant to marine spatial planning initiatives [31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundfish biodiversity change in northeastern Pacific waters under projected warming and deoxygenation

Thompson

Nephin

Davies

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In the coming decades, warming and deoxygenation of marine waters are anticipated to result in shifts in the distribution and abundance of fishes, with consequences for the diversity and composition of fish communities. Here, we combine fisheries-independent trawl survey data spanning the west coast of the USA and Canada with high-resolution regional ocean models to make projections of how 34 groundfish species will be impacted by changes in temperature and oxygen in British Columbia (BC) and Washington. In this region, species that are projected to decrease in occurrence are roughly balanced by those that are projected to increase, resulting in considerable compositional turnover. Many, but not all, species are projected to shift to deeper depths as conditions warm, but low oxygen will limit how deep they can go. Thus, biodiversity will likely decrease in the shallowest waters (less than 100 m), where warming will be greatest, increase at mid-depths (100–600 m) as shallow species shift deeper, and decrease at depths where oxygen is limited (greater than 600 m). These results highlight the critical importance of accounting for the joint role of temperature, oxygen and depth when projecting the impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions’.

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Effects of changing ocean temperatures on ecological connectivity among marine protected areas in northern British Columbia

Cited by 12 publications

References 88 publications

Bioregionalization of the coastal and open oceans of British Columbia and Southeast Alaska based on Sentinel-3A satellite-derived phytoplankton seasonality

Bioregionalization of the coastal and open oceans of British Columbia and Southeast Alaska based on Sentinel-3A satellite-derived phytoplankton seasonality

Protecting our coast for everyone's future: Indigenous and scientific knowledge support marine spatial protections proposed by Central Coast First Nations in Pacific Canada

Groundfish biodiversity change in northeastern Pacific waters under projected warming and deoxygenation

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